Problemas de saúde mental entre jovens grávidas e não-grávidas

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:To estimate the prevalence of mental health problems in primiparous adolescents and to compare their mental health profi le with the profi le of sexually active adolescents who have never gotten pregnant. METHODS:Cross-sectional study that compared two groups of adolescents aged 13 to 17 years from a city in Southern Brazil, 2003Brazil, -2004. The sample included 207 primiparous who attended prenatal care programs in urban public services, and 308 sexually active students from state public schools who had never gotten pregnant. A screening instrument to identify mental health problems in adolescents (Brazilian version of the Youth Self-Report) was applied to the participants together with a questionnaire on risk factors for pregnancy in adolescence. Statistical analysis included Chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test, Mann Whitney's U and logistic regression models. RESULTS:Pregnant and non-pregnant adolescents did not differ in the prevalence of total mental health problems (24.6% vs. 27.3%; p=0.50). Compared to the group of never pregnant adolescents, the group of primiparous presented higher prevalence of anxious/depressive symptoms (24.2% vs. 15.3%; p=0.01) and withdrawn/depressed symptoms (13.0% vs., 4.5%; p<0.001) and there was a greater number of tobacco users (21.3% vs. 11.0%; p=0.002). These differences were confi rmed by logistic regression models controlled for maternal education. CONCLUSIONS:Anxiety and depression symptoms and tobacco use were more frequent in pregnant adolescents in comparison to non-pregnant. These problems require special attention from prenatal care services in order to avoid potential damages for the health of mothers and their children.

Risk factors associated with mental health issues in adolescents: a integrative review

“…Low self-esteem, lower wish to live, depression and anxiety (14)(15)19,(22)(23)(24)(33)(34)38,48,62) Attention-defict hyperactivity disorder, oppositional/conduct disorder somatic complaints (11)(12)(13)23,25,59,62) . Self-aggression or suicide attempt; suicidal ideation (10,(13)(14)25,56) Sadness/loneliness feelings (10,34,58) Insomnia, fatigue, forgetfulness, irritability, difficulty concentrating and feelings of worthlessness (11)(12) Internalizing and externalizing behaviors (23,25) Aggression/ high levels of anger/interpersonal problems (27) Neurotic disorders (28) Abdominal obesity/ self-image (35) Need to feel pleasure (37) 43.4…”

“…Domestic violence with physical punishment experience (23)(24)31,56) Difficulties with family relationships (parents and siblings) (13,31,61) Parents and friends influence to use drugs (14,56) Low emotional support at home during childhood (15,60) Alcohol abusive parents (47,54) Parents divorce 0, 19)to de tristeza; átricos. (19) Family financial problems (38) Parents with low well-being levels (52) Bad experience of family communication (52) Parents that live with or died of HIV/Aids (60) 26.4…”

Depression during pregnancy: prevalence and risk factors among women attending a public health clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

“…a study that reported an antenatal depression prevalence of 37.9%) reported prevalence rates ranging from 13% to 20.8% 4,7,12,14,26,29,37 . The validity of these findings still needs to be established as the majority of these studies focused on pregnant adolescents 4,26,29,37 and women receiving prenatal care in obstetric out-patient clinics in hospital settings 7,12,14,26,29 . These samples are likely to be biased because women with high-risk pregnancies are more likely to seek prenatal care in hospitals.…”

“…These samples are likely to be biased because women with high-risk pregnancies are more likely to seek prenatal care in hospitals. Furthermore, one of these studies used a small sample 13 and several used depression screenings rather than diagnostic instruments 4,12,14,37 .…”

Repercussões da gravidez em adolescentes de 10 a 14 anos em contexto de vulnerabilidade social

“…A literatura sobre essa temática é ampla, sendo que a maior parte dos estudos tem delineamento transversal e quantitativo, enfatizando aspectos negativos da vivência, enquanto os estudos qualitativos tendem a revelar aspectos positivos e adaptativos em relação à maternidade. Dentre alguns dos problemas comumente relacionados à esta condição, destacam-se os riscos para a saúde de mãe e filho, o baixo nível socioeconômico, o início precoce da menarca e relações sexuais, abandono escolar, violência sexual entre mulheres com menos de 14 anos, sofrimento psíquico e dificuldades na adoção de comportamentos contraceptivos, que se constituem como experiências subjetivas e graduais, adquiridas ao longo do tempo (Brandão & Heilborn, 2006;Caputo & Bordin, 2007;Cavasin et al, 2004;Cerqueira-Santos, Paludo, Schirò, & Koller, 2010;Levandowski, Piccinini, & Lopes, 2008;Sabroza, Leal, Souza, & Gama, 2004;Taquette, 2008).…”