Problems and main areas of irrigation and drainage development in Ukraine in a changing climate

Abstract

Climate change has caused rapid soil dehydration in Ukraine; therefore sustainable agriculture will only be possible applying throughout irrigation or water regulation. Meanwhile, the use of the irrigation and drainage systems potential remains extremely unsatisfactory. In 2019, 532,000 ha were actually irrigated, and water regulation was performed on less than 300,000 ha. The purpose of the research. To analyze the existing state and substantiate the areas of the irrigation and drainage sector development to ensure the sustainable agriculture in the face of a changing climate. Materials and methods of the research. In the work, a set of methods was used: analytical, expert evaluations, surveys, comparisons and analogues, experimental. Observation data from the state meteorological stations network were used to evaluate hydrothermal conditions and the data from the network of hydrological posts of Ukrhydrometcentre were used to evaluate the river condition. To assess the technical condition of the engineering infrastructure, methodological approaches were used in accordance with the requirements of the international and European standards and the normative documents currently in force in Ukraine. To identify the possible ways and mechanisms to restore the irrigation and drainage systems potential, the reasons of the existing state were analyzed and it was determined that the uncompleted land and economic reforms, imperfections in the existing legislation and state support mechanisms, especially in the sector management, caused the long-year underfunding of irrigation and drainage facilities operation and restoration and resulted in the crisis situation in the sector. Conclusions. Based on the study of the world experience and the carried out research, it was established that the restoration and development of irrigation and drainage in Ukraine are possible only along with the implementation of a legal and institutional reform to introduce decentralization, improvement of the existing legislation, modernization of irrigation and drainage systems through the development and implementation of investment projects for restoration and development of irrigation and drainage systems, creation of attractive investment environments, development and introduction of a financing mechanism to cover management, operation and maintenance costs based on a new tariff formation system, introduction of the scientific support and staffing system for the land reclamation sector. The basis for the deployment of irrigation and drainage restoration should be the "Irrigation and Drainage Strategy in Ukraine until 2030", and the appropriate plan of measures, formed on the basis of fundamentally new institutional, scientific, technical and technological, economic, organizational, social and environmental approaches, should become a tool for achieving the goals of the "Strategy ...". Successful implementation of the goals of irrigation and drainage restoration in Ukraine will create the conditions to sustainable and profitable agricultural production in the face of climate change, to restore irrigation on the area of about 1,0 to 1,2 mln. ha and drainage on the area of 1,0 mln. ha and to additionally get up to 10 mln. tons of grain, 8-10 mln. tons of fruit, berries and vegetables annually.

Сучасний Стан Зрошуваних Сільсько- Господарських Земель В Україні

“…О.Н. Соколовського", ІВПіМ, ІЗЗ НААН [1,6,8,9,10], співробітниками відділу геоінформаційних технологій, агроекологічних і економічних досліджень в офісному редакторі електронних таблиць MS Excel 2016 сформовано базу даних сучасного стану зрошуваних земель, головне меню наведено на рис. 4.…”

“…Необхідне врегулювання питання розширення площ зрошуваних земель як в умовах дефіциту водних ресурсів, так і залучення інвестицій для їх збільшення. Зокрема, за попередніми оцінками, для збільшення площ зрошення ця галузь потребує величезних інвестицій у розмірі 3 млрд доларів США [1,6,10].…”

“…км) і водогонів (понад 2 тис. км), цього буде недостатньо для повноцінного розвитку сільського господарства [2,3,5,8,9,10].…”

Determination of Water Demand for Irrigation Based on the Climatic Water Balance in the Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine in View of the Natural Water Supply

“…Relevance of research. Currently, the fact of modern climatic change is recognized by the world scientific community and does not cause doubts [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The main factor that reflects these changes is a steady increase in the temperature regime.…”

Prospects and Problems of Using Local Water Resources for Irrigation in the Basins of Small Rivers of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

“…Climate change, primarily the progressive increase in its aridity in all natural and climatic zones of Ukraine, significantly worsens the conditions of the natural water supply for crop production. It increases the need for irrigation on an increasing number of land plots [1][2][3]. The need to restore and increase the areas of actual irrigation is emphasized in the "Irrigation and Drainage Strategy in Ukraine for the period until 2030" [4].At the same time, climatic transformations have a significant negative impact on the provision of the territories with water resources, which manifested in the reduction of the water content of rivers and reservoirs, their shallowing, lowering of the groundwater level, deterioration…”