Problems in remembering to carry out future actions in first-episode schizophrenia: Primary or secondary impairment?

Lui, Simon S.Y.; Wang, Ya; Yang, Tian‐xiao; Liu, Amy C.Y.; Chui, William W.H.; Yeung, Hera K.H.; Li, Zhi; Neumann, David L.; Shum, David; Cheung, Eric F. C.; Chan, Raymond C. K.

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.11.007

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…PM is thought to play an important role to maintain daily functioning. PM deficits have been consistently confirmed in both chronic [ 17 – 26 ] and first-episode schizophrenia (FES) [ 27 – 29 ]. Non-psychotic first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients show similar but attenuated PM impairments compared to patients suggesting that PM deficits may be an endophenotype of the illness [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal changes in prospective memory and their clinical correlates at 1-year follow-up in first-episode schizophrenia

et al. 2017

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This study aimed to investigate prospective memory (PM) and the association with clinical factors at 1-year follow-up in first-episode schizophrenia (FES). Thirty-two FES patients recruited from a university-affiliated psychiatric hospital in Beijing and 17 healthy community controls (HCs) were included. Time- and event-based PM (TBPM and EBPM) performances were measured with the Chinese version of the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (C-CAMPROMPT) at baseline and at one-year follow-up. A number of other neurocognitive tests were also administered. Remission was determined at the endpoint according to the PANSS score ≤ 3 for selected items. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction between time (baseline vs. endpoint) and group (FES vs. HCs) for EBPM (F(1, 44) = 8.8, p = 0.005) and for all neurocognitive components. Paired samples t-tests showed significant improvement in EBPM in FES (13.1±3.7 vs. 10.3±4.8; t = 3.065, p = 0.004), compared to HCs (15.7±3.6 vs. 16.5±2.3; t = -1.248, p = 0.230). A remission rate of 59.4% was found in the FES group. Analysis of covariance revealed that remitters performed significantly better on EBPM (14.9±2.6 vs. 10.4±3.6; F(1, 25) = 12.2, p = 0.002) than non-remitters at study endpoint. The association between EBPM and 12-month clinical improvement in FES suggests that EBPM may be a potential neurocognitive marker for the effectiveness of standard pharmacotherapy. Furthermore, the findings also imply that PM may not be strictly a trait-related endophenotype as indicated in previous studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal changes in prospective memory and their clinical correlates at 1-year follow-up in first-episode schizophrenia

et al. 2017

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“…There are a number of endophenotypes, and cognitive endophenotypes have been extensively studied. So far, some research has shown that the impairment of PM exists within schizophrenia patients, regardless of chronic,47,60–63 first-episode, or even first-episode drug-naive status,64–66 and meta-analyses and systematic reviews have been conducted 49,67. In this study, it was found that the non-psychotic first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia had defects in their prospective memory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

<p>Prospective memory in non-psychotic first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis</p>

Lin¹,

Wu²,

Su³

et al. 2019

NDT

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Prospective memory (PM) could be impaired in the non-psychotic first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia. This meta-analysis systematically examined the PM of non-psychotic first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Both Chinese and English databases were systematically searched for articles from the inception of the databases through November 13, 2018. Case-control studies of PM in non-psychotic first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia were included in the analyses. Confidence intervals (CIs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated utilizing the random effects model. Four studies (n=268) that compared PM performance between non-psychotic first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia (n=136) and healthy controls (n=132) were included. Three studies were rated as “high quality”, while the quality of evidence of the three outcomes included in this meta-analysis was moderate. Compared with the healthy controls, the non-psychotic first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia showed impairments in overall PM (two studies, n=127; SMD: −0.46; 95% CI=−0.82, −0.11, P =0.01; I=0%), event-based PM (EBPM) (four studies, n=268; SMD: −0.56; 95% CI=−0.80, −0.31, P <0.00001; I=0%), and time-based PM (TBPM) (four studies, n=268; SMD: −0.66; 95% CI=−0.90, −0.41, P <0.00001; I=0%). This meta-analysis demonstrated that the overall PM, EBPM, and TBPM might be impaired in the non-psychotic first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia.

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“…Based on earlier relevant findings there has been consistent evidence that PM impairment is present also at illness onset ( Zhou et al, 2012 , Zhuo et al, 2013 ; Lui et al, 2014 ) and at the chronic stage ( Elvevåg et al, 2003 ; Shum et al, 2004 ; Henry et al, 2007 ; Woods et al, 2007 ; Altgassen et al, 2008 ; Chan et al, 2008 ; Twamley et al, 2008 ; Wang et al, 2008 ). The results regarding the findings in the event- and time-based PM tasks most frequently used are inconsistent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Inconsistent results in the literature might be the consequence of differences in PM tasks applied in earlier studies, showing significant differences in task difficulty. A large part of earlier studies applied dual-task paradigms (e.g., Elvevåg et al, 2003 ; Shum et al, 2004 ; Woods et al, 2007 ; Altgassen et al, 2008 ; Chan et al, 2008 ; Twamley et al, 2008 ; Ungvari et al, 2008 ; Wang et al, 2008 ; Zhuo et al, 2013 ; Lui et al, 2014 ), whereas other studies used so-called ecologically valid PM paradigms , for instance the Virtual Week or the Cambridge PM Task ( Henry et al, 2007 ; Zhuo et al, 2012 ). We think that task demands in each study, including the difficulty of the ongoing task, the frequency and saliency of PM cues, the time between intention formation and execution may affect subject’s performance on these tasks as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preserved Intention Maintenance and Impaired Execution of Prospective Memory Responses in Schizophrenia: Evidence from an Event-based Prospective Memory Study

et al. 2016

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Executive system dysfunction and impaired prospective memory (PM) are widely documented in schizophrenia. However, it is not yet clarified which components of PM function are impaired in this disorder. Two plausible target components are the maintenance of delayed intentions and the execution of PM responses. Furthermore, it is debated whether the impaired performance on frequently used executive tasks is associated with deficit in PM functions. The aim of our study was twofold. First, we aimed to investigate the specific processes involved in event-based PM function, mainly focusing on difference between maintenance of intention and execution of PM responses. Second, we aimed to unfold the possible connections between executive functions, clinical symptoms, and PM performance. An event-based PM paradigm was applied with three main conditions: baseline (with no expectation of PM stimuli, and without PM stimuli), expectation condition (participants were told that PM stimuli might occur, though none actually did), and execution condition (participants were told that PM stimuli might occur, and PM stimuli did occur). This procedure allowed us to separately investigate performances associated with intention maintenance and execution of PM responses. We assessed working memory and set-shifting executive functions by memory span tasks and by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), respectively. Twenty patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 20 healthy control subjects (matched according to age and education) took part in the study. It was hypothesized that patients would manifest different levels of performance in the expectation and execution conditions of the PM task. Our results confirmed that the difference between baseline performance and performance in the execution condition (execution cost) was significantly larger for participants diagnosed with schizophrenia in comparison with matched healthy control group. However, this difference was not observed in the expectation condition. The PM performance in the execution condition was correlated with impaired executive functions in schizophrenia. Specifically, the size of execution cost positively correlated with percent of perseverative errors committed on WCST by the patient group. Our results suggest that maintenance of delayed intentions is unimpaired in schizophrenia, whereas the impairment in execution of PM responses is associated with set-shifting deficit.

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Problems in remembering to carry out future actions in first-episode schizophrenia: Primary or secondary impairment?

Cited by 20 publications

References 30 publications

Longitudinal changes in prospective memory and their clinical correlates at 1-year follow-up in first-episode schizophrenia

Longitudinal changes in prospective memory and their clinical correlates at 1-year follow-up in first-episode schizophrenia

<p>Prospective memory in non-psychotic first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis</p>

Preserved Intention Maintenance and Impaired Execution of Prospective Memory Responses in Schizophrenia: Evidence from an Event-based Prospective Memory Study

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