Problems in the assessment of the package effect in five small phytoplankters

Geider, Richard J.

doi:10.1007/bf00391954

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Their results showed a range in values from 0.5 at the 435 nm, 1.0 at 600 nm, and 0.7 at 670 nm, which is markedly different from the general spectral variations observed in this study. Other examples of the pigment package effect estimated by the ratio of intact to disrupted cell absorption show a wide range of spectral variability [ Osborne and Geider , 1989; Kirk , 1994]. One interesting example of a comparison between the absorption spectra of intact versus disrupted cells of a Synechococcus sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An inverse modeling approach to estimating phytoplankton pigment concentrations from phytoplankton absorption spectra

Moisan¹,

Moisan²,

Linkswiler³

2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Phytoplankton absorption spectra and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) pigment observations from the Eastern U.S. and global observations from NASA's SeaBASS archive are used in a linear inverse calculation to extract pigmentspecific absorption spectra. Using these pigment-specific absorption spectra to reconstruct the phytoplankton absorption spectra results in high correlations at all visible wavelengths (r 2 from 0.83 to 0.98), and linear regressions (slopes ranging from 0.8 to 1.1). Higher correlations (r 2 from 0.75 to 1.00) are obtained in the visible portion of the spectra when the total phytoplankton absorption spectra are 'unpackaged' by multiplying the entire spectra by a factor that sets the total absorption at 675 nm to that expected from absorption spectra reconstruction using measured pigment concentrations and laboratory-derived pigment-specific absorption spectra. The derived pigment-specific absorption spectra were further used with the total phytoplankton absorption spectra in a second linear inverse calculation to estimate the various phytoplankton HPLC pigments. A comparison between the estimated and measured pigment concentrations for the 18 pigment fields showed good correlations (r 2 > 0.5) for 7 pigments and very good correlations (r 2 > 0.7) for chlorophyll a and fucoxanthin. Higher correlations result when the analysis is carried out at more local geographic scales. The ability to estimate phytoplankton pigments using pigment-specific absorption spectra is critical for using hyperspectral inverse models to retrieve phytoplankton pigment concentrations and other Inherent Optical Properties (IOPs) from passive remote sensing observations. Citation: Moisan, J. R., T. A. H. Moisan, and M. A. Linkswiler (2011), An inverse modeling approach to estimating phytoplankton pigment concentrations from phytoplankton absorption spectra,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An inverse modeling approach to estimating phytoplankton pigment concentrations from phytoplankton absorption spectra

Moisan¹,

Moisan²,

Linkswiler³

2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…1978; Bricaud et al, 1983Bricaud et al, , 1988Osborne and Geider, 1989). The [Chl] VSF was estimated as,…”

Section: Chlorophyll Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeochemical origins of particles obtained from the inversion of the volume scattering function and spectral absorption in coastal waters

et al. 2013

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Abstract. In the aquatic environment, particles can be broadly separated into phytoplankton (PHY), non-algal particle (NAP) and dissolved (or very small particle, VSP) fractions. Typically, absorption spectra are inverted to quantify these fractions, but volume scattering functions (VSFs) can also be used. Both absorption spectra and VSFs were used to estimate particle fractions for an experiment in the Chesapeake Bay. A complete set of water inherent optical properties was measured using a suite of commercial instruments and a prototype Multispectral Volume Scattering Meter (MVSM); the chlorophyll concentration, [Chl] was determined using the HPLC method. The total scattering coefficient measured by an ac-s and the VSF at a few backward angles measured by a HydroScat-6 and an ECO-VSF agreed with the LISST and MVSM data within 5%, thus indicating inter-instrument consistency. The size distribution and scattering parameters for PHY, NAP and VSP were inverted from measured VSFs. For the absorption inversion, the "dissolved" absorption spectra were measured for filtrate passing through a 0.2 μm filter, whereas [Chl] and NAP absorption spectra were inverted from the particulate fraction. Even though the total scattering coefficient showed no correlation with [Chl], estimates of [Chl] from the VSF-inversion agreed well with the HPLC measurements (r = 0.68, mean relative errors = −20%). The scattering associated with NAP and VSP both correlated well with the NAP and "dissolved" absorption coefficients, respectively. While NAP dominated forward, and hence total, scattering, our results also suggest that the scattering by VSP was far from negligible and dominated backscattering. Since the sizes of VSP range from 0.02 to 0.2 μm, covering (a portion of) the operationally defined "dissolved" matter, the typical assumption that colored dissolved organic matter (i.e., CDOM) does not scatter may not hold, particularly in a coastal or estuarine environment.

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“…This phenomenon was first empirically and theoretically studied for algal suspensions by Duysens (1956), and by Kirk (1975aKirk ( ,b, 1976 and Morel & Bricaud (1981) for phytoplankton populations. The package effect has been described through (1) comparing differences between in vivo spectra of intact and disrupted cells (Osborne & Geider 1989, Kirk 1994, (2) estimating the photon path length (β, sensu Rühle & Wild 1979) or (3) describing the pattern of reduction in pigment light absorption efficiency as a function of pigment per unit of projected area (e.g. Geider & Osborne 1992, Enríquez & Sand-Jensen 2003.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the absorption coefficient normalized to pigment content, sensu Geider & Osborne 1992, Kirk 1994 has been used as a descriptor of the intra-and inter-specific variation in pigment light absorption efficiency, not only for phytoplankton populations but also for hermatypic corals (Dubinsky et al 1984, Wyman et al 1987, Lesser et al 2000 and for leaves of higher plants (Enríquez & Sand-Jensen 2003). The package effect has, therefore, been described as the non-linear reduction in pigment light absorption efficiency as cell or colony size increases (Kirk 1976), or pigment per unit of projected area increases (Morel & Bricaud 1986, Haardte & Maske 1987, Osborne & Geider 1989, Enríquez & Sand-Jensen 2003. Cummings & Zimmerman (2003) have supplied the first estimations of the specific-absorption coefficient for seagrass leaves; however, no description of the pattern of variation as a function of chlorophyll density has yet been provided.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light absorption efficiency and the package effect in the leaves of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum

Enríquez

2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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In this study, I evaluate the variability in light absorption efficiency of Thalassia testudinum leaves and the magnitude of the package effect affecting seagrass leaves. The large variability observed in pigment density and leaf absorptance of T. testudinum leaf segments, was compared to the variation in light absorption efficiency reported for leaves of Mentha aquatica, a species that maintains a specialized bifacial mesophyll and has 3 times higher leaf pigment content. Pigment light absorption efficiency of T. testudinum leaves was also compared to the interspecific variability reported for leaf sections of 12 seagrass species collected in 10 tropical (Mexican Caribbean and Philippine Indo-Pacific) and 31 temperate (Spanish Mediterranean, Portuguese Atlantic and Danish fjørds) coastal areas. The results of this comparison confirmed that T. testudinum leaves are affected by the package effect, because pigment light absorption efficiency decreases non-linearly as pigment content per unit area increases. The finding that M. aquatica leaves have a 1.5 times higher pigment light absorption efficiency than T. testudinum leaves for similar pigment content, does not necessarily indicate that the specialized leaf anatomy developed by seagrasses (i.e. a pigmented epidermis and an unpigmented leaf mesophyll) has led to a reduction in light absorption efficiency. This is because temperate seagrass leaves, which have a 2.5 times higher chlorophyll content than flatshaped leaves of tropical species, exhibit a 1.4 times higher efficiency than M. aquatica leaves of similar pigment density. The possible effect of leaf morphology (i.e. leaf thickness and the specific leaf area) on the variation of leaf absorptance of T. testudinum was finally addressed to clarify the capacity of seagrass leaf morphology in counterbalancing pigment self-shading within the thin epidermis.

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Problems in the assessment of the package effect in five small phytoplankters

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

An inverse modeling approach to estimating phytoplankton pigment concentrations from phytoplankton absorption spectra

An inverse modeling approach to estimating phytoplankton pigment concentrations from phytoplankton absorption spectra

Biogeochemical origins of particles obtained from the inversion of the volume scattering function and spectral absorption in coastal waters

Light absorption efficiency and the package effect in the leaves of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum

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