Problems of development of mathematical models and creation of innovative products in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstract

The characteristic of innovation activity of an enterprise are quite complex and their informative analysis based on heuristic methods is difficult. This predetermines the need to apply different models and modeling methods. The economic-mathematical model of the innovation strategy of an enterprise should include, from our point of view, a description of the enterprise as a subject of innovative activity and the mechanism of its new development. It is assumed that the use of economic and mathematical models allows to obtain new knowledge about innovative development of an enterprise. The article is devoted to the study of the problem developing mathematical models of process optimization, modeling innovative development of enterprises in Kazakhstan. Analysis of the existing scientific tools for modeling innovation development of various economic systems has led to the conclusion that for its use in modeling the innovative strategy of enterprise, it is necessary to clarify the specified toolkit based on specifics of this type of an enterprise. It should be born in mind that modeling should be preceded by the stage of analysis of innovative activity of an enterprise, including not only current situation, but also possibilities of its transformation in accordance with the goals of the enterprise.

External Debt Analysis and State of National Debt in the World Finance System

“…The main goal was to create a certain financial press on young social associations seeking to establish statehood and independence, which methodically exerted pressure on all life spheres of the so-called benefits recipient. Initially, this system was of such nature, but gradually the recipient was drawn more and more into the delights of getting help from an older, economically and defensively developed partner [8], [9], [10].…”

“…Historically, this situation has been repeated many times, it is typical for some, especially poorly developed countries even nowadays. In this case, the external debt becomes the subject of true state interests lobbying and programs with the sole motivation that it is necessary to attract new credit funds to repay the debts formed earlier [5], [7], [8], [9].…”

“…At the beginning of this century, the external debt volume of all so-called third world countries, as the developing young countries are called by international creditors, amounted to more than two trillion USD [8], [9], [10].…”

“…If in Russia it is 3.5 thousand In the United States, each resident, including an infant and a pensioner, bears the burden of external debt in the amount of 64 thousand USD. In 2018, the total size of the US external debt exceeded 21 trillion USD, which amounts to 106 % of GDP [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [11].…”

“…Over the past decade, the need for external financing of developing economies has increased due to various factors. These factors include: the rapid liberalization pace of trade relations without increasing access to industrial commodity markets in areas where they have comparative advantages; instability of exchange rates; slow growth of the global economic system; negative trends in changing trade conditions [8], [21].…”