The development of the industrial potential of the regions is an urgent task of state policy and requires the development of a set of measures that can take into account not only the structural characteristics of the regional economy, but also the efficiency of the industries. A coupled assessment of changes in concentration and efficiency will allow to get a more complete picture of the sectoral structure of the region’s economy and to more accurately rank measures of state support. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the criteria and assess the unidirectionality (multidirectionality) of shifts in industry concentration and efficiency on the example of monospecialized regions of the metallurgical profile. In the work, the assessment of the localization and efficiency of manufacturing industries by regions was carried out, the positioning of the regions according to the corresponding indicators and their comparative studies were carried out, taking into account the growth rates of the regional economy. According to the results of the assessment, the regions showed a different nature of changes in the manufacturing industry. The Krasnoyarsk Territory has demonstrated a high degree of efficiency with a low localization of the industry, while the growth rates of the regional economy are relatively low, which may indicate the ongoing restructuring processes in the manufacturing industry in favor of more competitive industries. The Chelyabinsk Region showed the highest localization with low efficiency, with the exception of investment efficiency, which may indicate difficulties in transforming the region’s sectoral structure. The focus of further research can be aimed at assessing detailed types of activities within the manufacturing industry in order to identify the factors of ongoing changes and develop point measures to support the relevant industries. Keywords: effective specialization of regions, regional development, localization of activities, sectoral efficiency, monospecialized regions, sectoral benchmarks.