Procedural justice during police-citizen encounters: The effects of process-based policing on citizen compliance and demeanor

Mirage of Police Reform: Procedural Justice and Police Legitimacy

“…Observations in Richmond, Virginia , in Indianapolis and St. Petersburg, Florida (McCluskey et al 1999;McCluskey 2003), and in Cincinnati (Dai et al 2011) have formed the basis for analyses of the procedural justice of police actions as a factor that conditions the success with which police obtain citizens' compliance when they make requests of citizens. The requests made of citizens were for them to leave the scene or leave another person alone, discontinue their disorderly behavior, or discontinue their illegal behavior.…”

“…The quality of interpersonal treatment was measured only as police disrespect toward the citizen, and trustworthy motives were captured only as police treating the citizen as having a situational status other than that of suspected offender. Mengyan Dai et al (2011) did somewhat better-for example, voice reflected officers' reactions to citizens' requests-but was nevertheless limited by the coding instrument, which was not designed with procedural justice in view.…”

Policing Diversity: Examining Police Resistance to Training Reforms for Transgender People in Australia

“…(Pratto, Stewart & Zeineddine, 2013;Sidanius, Pratto, van Laar & Levin, 2004). The dominant group (in this instance the police) has the discretionary power to deliver policing techniques upon transgender people that are influenced by the police officer's own value system and ideology (Dai, Frank & Sun, 2011;Hogg & Abrams, 1988;Reiner, 2010). This has been reflected in previous Australian research, which found that police discretionary power influences how A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t police officers interact and police members of the transgender community (Tomsen & Mason, 1997).…”

Language from police body camera footage shows racial disparities in officer respect

“…Previous research on police-community interactions has relied on citizens' recollection of past interactions (10) or researcher observation of officer behavior (17)(18)(19)(20) to assess procedural fairness. Although these methods are invaluable, they offer an indirect view of officer behavior and are limited to a small number of interactions.…”