Procedural Learning in Individuals with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Wit, Liselotte De; Marsiske, Michael; O’Shea, Deirdre; Kessels, Roy P. C.; Kurasz, Andrea M.; DeFeis, Brittany; Schaefer, Nancy; Smith, Glenn E.

doi:10.1007/s11065-020-09449-1

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In AD, episodic memory, which is retrieved in consciousness, mediated by words, is impaired from the early stage, but procedural memory, which does not use conceptual representation, is spared, even in severe AD patients who have lost their language skills, as shown by the present results. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have suggested that procedural memory, which is the memory of perceptual-motor skills that can be evaluated based on rotary pursuit tasks and other methods, can be acquired even in patients with Alzheimer’s disease ( De Wit et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating Behavior and Environments of Severe Alzheimer’s Disease Patients With Loss of Language Skills

Rie

Yokoi

Miyoshi

et al. 2022

Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine

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Background: As Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progresses, AD patients become more and more dependent on the environment. To prevent the patients from being distracted from eating, it is necessary to pay attention to the environment. Purpose: Five severe AD patients with loss of language skills were observed closely to identify the environments that interfered with their eating behaviors and environments that encouraged them to eat. Methods: The author, a certified care worker, recorded the behaviors of five severe AD patients while providing care for the overall aspects of their daily lives. From these records, the author extracted the situations in which the subjects exhibited self-eating behavior and situations in which they were distracted from eating, and organized the meanings of these environments for the subjects. Results: Eating behavior was interrupted: (1) when staff members started conversations nearby a subject, or when a caregiver attempted to stop a subject’s behavior in order to get her to eat; (2) by physical environmental changes, such as phone ringing and reflection of artificial light on their table. Conclusion: By organizing the meanings of the environments surrounding each individual, we can identify the environments that encourage a patient to start eating and environments that interfere with a patient’s eating behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating Behavior and Environments of Severe Alzheimer’s Disease Patients With Loss of Language Skills

Rie

Yokoi

Miyoshi

et al. 2022

Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine

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“…However, this does not appear to be the case. While declarative memory is impaired early on in AD (Libon et al, 1998), procedural memory remains more or less intact until the later stages of the disease (De Wit et al, 2021). When we consider that participants do not actually perform any actions and see the events from a third‐person point of view, combined with the fact that impairment can be observed in the very early stages of the disease, it is likely that this paradigm taps largely into declarative memory rather than procedural.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macro‐event recognition in healthy ageing, Alzheimer’s disease, and mild cognitive impairment

Kokje

Gerwien

Stutterheim

2021

Journal of Neuropsychology

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Event perception and cognition is integral to our everyday experience and functional ability. A commonly reported complaint in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the inability to follow narratives – be it textual, conversational, video, or pictures. This phenomenon has received little systematic research so far. In the current study, we developed a novel paradigm to examine macro‐event recognition in individuals with AD in the early stage and its preceding stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in comparison with cognitively healthy older adults, using pictures depicting events. In Experiment 1, we examined participants’ ability to integrate pictorially depicted sub‐events into macro‐events. The pictures were presented in a scrambled order, and participants were expected to arrange them in the temporally and causally appropriate sequence, as dictated by the macro‐event schema. Additionally, we investigated the effect of cueing the appropriate event schema by providing a word cue (verb). In Experiment 2, macro‐event recognition was examined again using a cognitively less taxing paradigm, where pictures depicting sub‐events were presented in correct order, but staggered, and recognition speed was measured. We observed significant deficits in the AD and MCI groups’ performance compared with the cognitively healthy older adults, across both experiments, suggesting event perception and cognition is impaired early in the course of AD. There was no effect of cueing on the performance of any of the groups. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

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“…In AD, episodic memory, which involves conscious recollection using words, is impaired from an early stage. However, a recent systematic meta-analysis has suggested that procedural memory, which does not involve the use of language representation skills, is maintained even in AD patients 18) .…”

Section: Table 2 Situations In Which Ms X Was Distracted and Not Distracted From Eatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caregivers’ roles in preventing patients with severe Alzheimer’s disease from becoming distracted during mealtimes: two case reports

Yokoi

Miyoshi

et al. 2021

J Phys Ther Sci

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The purpose of this study was to identify the roles of caregivers in preventing patients with severe Alzheimer's disease with loss of language skills from becoming distracted while eating their meals.[Participants and Methods] The study was conducted on two residents of a nursing home with severe Alzheimer's disease who had lost their language skills. In this study, by comparing the scenes in which the two participants were distracted and not distracted from eating, we analyzed the factors associated with patients with severe Alzheimer's disease who had lost their language skills becoming distracted and factors that prevented them from becoming distracted from eating at mealtimes and considered the roles of caregivers. [Results] The participants became distracted from eating where they were in a lively environment. On the other hand, they were not distracted when they were made to sit and eat in quiet environments. [Conclusion] Patients with severe Alzheimer's disease who have lost their language skills cannot filter out a range of other information around them and focus on the information necessary to oneself. The role of caregivers is to serve as filters for patients with severe Alzheimer's disease who have lost their language skills and whose selective attention abilities have become impaired.

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Procedural Learning in Individuals with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Cited by 32 publications

References 49 publications

Eating Behavior and Environments of Severe Alzheimer’s Disease Patients With Loss of Language Skills

Eating Behavior and Environments of Severe Alzheimer’s Disease Patients With Loss of Language Skills

Macro‐event recognition in healthy ageing, Alzheimer’s disease, and mild cognitive impairment

Caregivers’ roles in preventing patients with severe Alzheimer’s disease from becoming distracted during mealtimes: two case reports

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