Procedural Memory in Patients with Mild Alzheimer's Disease

Hirono, Nobutsugu; Mori, Etsuro; Ikejiri, Yoshitaka; Imamura, Toru; Shimomura, Tatsuo; Ikeda, Manabu; Yamashita, Hikari; Takatsuki, Yoko; Tokimasa, A.; Yamadori, Atsushi

doi:10.1159/000106633

Cited by 51 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In the same way, in SRTT studies AD patients shown the same amount of learning (decrease in RT during the blocks with the fixed sequence) as the normal controls 56,58,60,61 . The Rotor-Pursuit experiments there were also no patient-control differences in amount of learning [53][54][55][56]58,62,[64][65][66] . Taken together, all studies shown preserved procedural memory in AD patients regardless of the task used.…”

Section: Remaining Performance Level and Amount Of Learning In Ad Patmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Alzheimer's disease and implicit memory

Machado

Cunha

Minc

et al. 2009

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-Specific neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) affect some forms of memory while leaving others relatively intact. In this review, we investigate particularities of the relationship between explicit and implicit memories in AD. It was found that implicit memory is preserved in AD, irrespective of the task used; in other words, there was not interference from explicit memory. In addition, it was verified that is possible through implicit memory compensatory strategies such as, activities of daily living (ADL) to compensate for the explicit memory deficits. In this sense, cognitive rehabilitation (CR) demonstrates reasonable results in the process of compensation of explicit memory deficits. Concluding, the decline in explicit memory suggests that both systems are functionally independent even if the other is compromised. We expect that when explicit memory system is not involved in competition with the implicit system, the final effect of learning is better, because all of the implicit memory capacity is engaged in learning and not in competition with the explicit system. Key WoRDS: activities of daily living, Alzheimer's disease, cognitive rehabilitation, implicit memory. Doença de Alzheimer e memória implícitaResumo -Distúrbios neuropsiquiátricos específicos, tais como a doença de Alzheimer (DA), podem afetar algumas formas de memória enquanto deixam outros relativamente intactos. Nesta revisão, nós investigamos particularidades da relação entre as memórias explicita e implícita na DA. Foi verificado que a memória é preservada na DA, independente da tarefa usada; ou seja, não ocorre interferência da memória explícita. Além disso, foi verificado que é possível através de estratégias compensatórias de memória implícita, tais como, atividades da vida diária (AVD) compensar os déficits da memória explícita. Neste sentido, a reabilitação cognitiva (RC) demonstra resultados razoáveis no processo de compensação dos déficits da memória explicita. Concluindo, a queda na memória explícita sugere que ambos os sistemas são funcionalmente independentes mesmo que outro esteja comprometido. esperamos que quando o sistema de memória explícita não está envolvido em competição com o sistema implícito, o efeito final de aprendizagem é melhor, porque toda a capacidade da memória implícita está engajada na aprendizagem e não na competição com o sistema explícito. PALAVRAS-ChAVe: atividades da vida diária, doença de Alzheimer, memória implícita, reabilitação cognitiva.

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Section: Remaining Performance Level and Amount Of Learning In Ad Patmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Thus, regardless of task used, the studies assessing Procedural Memory in AD patients and shown positive outcomes. Indeed, hirono et al observed that patients with mild AD were able to acquire motor and perceptual as well as cognitive skills in various motor skills learning tasks 62 .…”

Section: Modulation Of Implicit Learning Capacity Due To Explicit Memmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer's disease and implicit memory

Machado

Cunha

Minc

et al. 2009

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…It appears that many patients were excluded from several studies that concluded that procedural memory is preserved in AD. For example, Hirono, Mori, Ikejiri, Imamura, Shimomura, Ikeda et al (1997) showed that 11 AD patients out of 20 presented equivalent results to controls on a computerized puzzle task. Knopman and Nissen (1987) proved that AD patients learned the sequence normally in a Serial Reaction Time task; however, we note that 7 patients out of 35 were unable to perform this task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning a Motor Skill: Effects of Blocked Versus Random Practice a Review

Merbah¹,

Meulemans²

2011

PSYCHOL BELG

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Procedural learning refers to the ability to learn new perceptual, motor or cognitive skills. While many studies have explored procedural learning abilities in patients with different types of brain damage, the cognitive mechanisms involved in the acquisition of a new skill are still not well understood. The present review focuses on the conditions that optimise skill acquisition, and more specifically on the contextual interference effect (CIE), which refers to the advantage of a 'random' over a 'blocked' practice condition in skill learning tasks. According to both the 'elaboration' and 'reconstruction' hypotheses, the CIE can be explained by the fact that the random schedule requires more cognitive activity than the blocked one. However, if the CIE has been consistently demonstrated in laboratory studies, it is not so clear in field-based studies. We discuss this 'laboratory and field dilemma', and suggest that two main factors -task complexity and individual variables -may explain the discrepancy between the two types of studies.

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“…The onset of this deterioration differs considerably in individual cases and can be accelerated in people with neurodegenerative disorders such as AD [8,16,27,28]. In particular, individuals with AD exhibit a significant behavioral decline or disturbance in their motor and cognitive performance [16,20,27,30]. A recent study of handwriting in AD and MCI patients indicates that a compromised motor performance is the behavioral manifestation of cognitive impairments [44].…”

Section: Sensory-motor Disorders Associated With Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the prevalence of MCI is twice as high as that of dementia [26]. Given these alarming statistics and the fact that MCI can have negative effects on the quality of life of both individuals with the disorder and their caregivers [20], researchers are becoming increasingly interested in the accurate diagnosis, treatment, and potential rehabilitation of MCI [38,43]. Early detection and treatment of MCI may reduce the risk of conversion to AD or other forms of dementia [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of motor practice on cognitive disorders in older adults

Jin

Zhou

2009

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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The demographics of our societies have changed drastically during the past few decades. The general population is aging rapidly as human life spans continue to expand and more adults are set to mature during the next quarter century. This aging process has numerous implications for the way we live and will have particularly important impacts on health and healthcare. In particular, substantial evidence suggests that cognitive-motor function deteriorates considerably as the result of inactive life style, biological aging, and cognitive impairments. The number of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), an agingrelated cognitive disorder, is expected to increase significantly during the next 40 years. The development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD can exaggerate the functional declines observed in cognitive or motor performance. The functional declines affect an array of social, cognitive, mental, physical, and motor activities in our daily lives. However, recent studies suggest that cognitive, physical, motor practice, or skill learning can improve motor speed, smoothness, and accuracy in both MCI and AD patients and their age-matched healthy peers. From theoretical and practical perspectives, this paper addresses several critical aspects of motor deficits and the kinematical characteristics of motor skill development in MCI and AD populations. Empirical data will be presented relative to the sensory-motor functions of MCI and AD, the motor skill acquisition, exercise rehabilitation in older adults with memory loss, as well as the implications for therapies. Finally, this review concludes with thoughts and suggestions for future research in these areas.

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Procedural Memory in Patients with Mild Alzheimer's Disease

Cited by 51 publications

References 10 publications

Alzheimer's disease and implicit memory

Alzheimer's disease and implicit memory

Learning a Motor Skill: Effects of Blocked Versus Random Practice a Review

Effects of motor practice on cognitive disorders in older adults

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