Procedural Pain: Systematic Review of Parent Experiences and Information Needs

Abstract

Parents wish to reduce their child's pain during medical procedures but may not know how to do so. We systematically reviewed the literature on parents' experiences and information needs related to managing their child's pain for common medical procedures. Of 2678 records retrieved through database searching, 5 were included. Three additional records were identified by scanning reference lists. Five studies were qualitative, and 3 were quantitative. Most took place in North America or Europe (n = 7) and described neonatal intensive care unit experiences (n = 5). Procedures included needle-related medical procedures (eg, venipuncture, phlebotomy, intravenous insertion), sutures, and wound repair and treatment, among others. Generally, parents desired being present during procedures, wanted to remain stoic for their child, and thought that information would be empowering and relieve stress but felt unsupported in taking an active role. Supporting and educating parents may empower them to lessen pain for their children while undergoing medical procedures.

Using ways of knowing in nursing to develop educational strategies that support knowledge mobilization

“…37 A frequent finding in pediatric pain research is the need for improved communication and emotional support for the parents. 38,39 These findings show how nurses' ability to build a good working relationship with CYP and parents is vital, and how within that relationship the nurse must be a listener, nurturer, teacher, and information source. over care and decisions to pain specialists 41 , and a lack of such specialists.…”

A parent–science partnership to improve postsurgical pain management in young children: Co-development and usability testing of the Achy Penguin smartphone-based app

“…9 Public-science partnerships The Achy Penguin app reflects one parent's selfinitiated efforts to improve pain care for her child by applying her own professional skills and expertise. Her drive, and arguably need, to do this highlights several critical issues in current pediatric pain care: most notable, the poor availability and translation of effective pediatric pain management information for parents, 36 as well as the continued underutilization of pain management strategies in pediatric pain care despite scientific support for their efficacy. 5 Partnerships between parents and researchers are emerging as a valuable strategy for addressing gaps in pediatric care in an empowering and inclusive manner [37][38][39][40] and have the potential to implement pain science into practice more effectively and efficiently.…”

State of the Art in Parent-Delivered Pain-Relieving Interventions in Neonatal Care: A Scoping Review

“…Parents who are present during painful procedures report lower distress and more satisfaction with care (9) and feel empowered in their caregiving role (14). Parents need and want to participate actively in their infant's pain management, and they should be educated and guided through various means, not just verbal information, to mitigate their infant's pain (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Coaching parents to better meet their infant's attachment needs during times of pain may lead to more efficacious interventions (23).…”