Procedure for Implementation of the Method of Artificial Deposition of Radioactive Substances from the Atmosphere

Abstract

Studies of the response to nuclear emergencies with the release of gaseous and dispersed radioactive substances into the atmosphere allowed us to develop a procedure for the practical implementation of this method. The emergency response method is aimed at depositing hazardous radioactive substances from the atmosphere that enter the atmosphere during man-made accidents at nuclear power plants and other facilities for the storage and processing of radioactive materials. The developed procedure with the proposed algorithm of actions operates within the framework of a unified state system of civil protection. The presented procedure allows solving three main tasks on the elimination of emergency consequences: monitoring of the affected area, taking effective management decisions and direct influence on the affected area. The basis for making effective management decisions is to predict the dynamics of radioactively contaminated areas, predict the intensity of precipitation with various methods of artificial deposition and predict the effectiveness of deposition effects on the dynamics of changes in contaminated areas. In order to expand the capabilities of available methods for predicting contaminated areas, their modification has been proposed taking into account deposition features. The use of this procedure allows minimizing the scale of major emergencies at regional and state levels. Due to the use of artificial deposition methods, as provided for in the procedure, there is the possibility of depositing dangerous radioactive substances from the atmosphere from a height of several kilometers, which cannot be implemented by other known methods. The developed algorithm of actions and the procedure for implementing the emergency response method by artificially initiated deposition are the basis for the development of a procedure for practical emergency rescue units during emergency response at regional and state levels. Thus, there is a reason to believe that the use of the proposed procedure will improve the efficiency of response to man-made emergency with the release of hazardous radioactive substances to the atmosphere.

Studying the Effect of Fuel Elements Structural Materials Corrosion on their Operating Life

“…Currently, in many countries that use nuclear power, the behaviour of fuel elements shells materials is widely studied regarding the design accidents temperatures (500 -600 to 1100 -1200 °С) and at higher temperatures. The objective of these works is obtaining additional knowledge and increasing the safety of nuclear reactors [10]. At the National Science Center Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology, studying the zirconium alloys properties during corrosion testing in water and steam in a wide range of temperatures is also conducted.…”

Development of a Corrosion Model Ofthermal Elenents of Nuclear Power Plants

“…However, along with the development of nuclear energy, there are risks of accidents at these facilities [6,7], as well as the risk of radiation impact on personnel [8,9], the population [10,11], the environment [12,13], and deterioration of surface water [14,15]. Prevention of such emergencies is based on environmental monitoring at the locations of man-made facilities and their preventive forecast [16,17,18].…”

Analysis of the Influence of Anthropogenic Factors of the Urbanized Territory of Poltava Region (Ukraine) on the State of River Water

“…Anthropogenic activity today is a factor that significantly changes the environment. Diverse human impact on the environment causes air pollution [Kustov et al,2019;Wierzbińska et al, 2002], disturbance of soils [Lazaruk et al, 2020;Kostenko et al, 2018] and deterioration of water bodies [Loboichenko et al, 2021a;Akhtar et al, 2021]. In addition to direct human activities in cities, additional negative impact is provided directly by man-made emergencies [Popov et al, 2020;Mygalenko et al, 2018].…”