Proceedings, Symposium: Microbial control of spruce budworms and gypsy moths

Abstract

The Canada-United States Spruce Budworms R&D Program (CANUSA) was created in 1977, when the United States Department of Agriculture and the Canadian Department of Environment agreed to cooperate in an expanded and accelerated research and development effort. CANUSA was aimed specifically at the spruce budworm in the east and western spruce budworm in the west. The broad objective was to design and evaluate tactics and strategies for not only controlling budworms but also managing budworm infested forests, thus helping forest managers attain their objectives in an economically and environmentally acceptable manner.