Process design of batch reactors using multi-objective optimization for synthesis of butylated urea formaldehyde resins

Optimal control in reactive processing for fine chemicals and polymers in stirred jacketed batch and semi-batch reactors: A bibliography

“…Woinaroschy 60 , for a specified reactional system(s), studied: 1) batch reactor: optimal evolution of reactor temperature follow the stepwise declining function by final uprisal to 11.12% of initial value; concentrations of desired products simply consisted of linear periods; 2) semi-batch reactor for constrained operation case: as for optimal feed rate evolution, the stepwise function shown initial drop half of the total time, notice to switch to jump in point of 5%/15%/25% of total time finished by a sequence alike to a "quasi bang-zero", whereas, 75% of maximum reached. Amin et al 61 , tried to reconcile two conflicting objectives working on the following "combined objectives" optimal control problems: 1) minimization of end-points of formaldehyde and butanol, 2) minimization of the endpoint of butanol concentration and final time, 3) maximization of the endpoint of formaldehyde and final time, 4) maximization of the endpoint of concentration of X-condensates and minimization of butanol. In the first-mentioned case, nonisothermal conditions brought gains over isothermal: at most 8.49% gain in formaldehyde reduction, For the second and third case, gives close final times, however, optimal endpoint butanol concentration is even 73.90%/69.45% reduced in the third case against the second/fourth, respectively.…”