Process for Electrolytic Extraction of Titanium Metal from Titanium Carbide Anodes

Ervin, G.; Ueltz, Herbert F. G.; Washburn, M.E.

doi:10.1149/1.2427287

Cited by 9 publications

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“…It was felt that one point of interest in such a study would be to determine the nature of products arising from the bonded carbon. Thus Ervin et al (3), in describing the use of titanium carbide anodes for the extraction of titanium metal in molten salt electrolysis, state that the carbide behaves during electrolysis as though it were a metal with high carbon content. From this, one might expect dissolution of titanium, leaving free carbon.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Corrosion of Titanium Carbide

Cowling

Hintermann

1970

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In 2N H2804, the anodic dissolution of titanium carbide begins at about 0.8V (SHE). Trivalent titanium ions could not be detected in the nitrogensaturated solution, although this does not rule out the possibility that Ti (III) is formed in the dissolution reaction. However, at 0.8V oxidation to Ti(IV) would readily occur. The results of potentiostatic and galvanostatic experiments indicate that the subsequent passivation of the electrode, which occurs between 1.2 and 1.7V when it is polarized potentiostatically, is due to Ti(IV) oxide. At potentials above 1.TV, oxidation to Ti(VI) occurs. During the initial dissolution of the carbide, both CO and CO2 were detected.Although titanium carbide is an important refractory material, characterized by its extreme hardness and its relative inertness, very little attention has been given to its chemical properties. The stability of the Group IV, V, and VI transition metal carbides toward acid and alkali solutions has been examined (1), but, while a patent exists (2) for an anode incorporating titanium carbide, there appear to have been no studies on the anodic behavior of this material. It was felt that one point of interest in such a study would be to determine the nature of products arising from the bonded carbon. Thus Ervin et al.(3), in describing the use of titanium carbide anodes for the extraction of titanium metal in molten salt electrolysis, state that the carbide behaves during electrolysis as though it were a metal with high carbon content. From this, one might expect dissolution of titanium, leaving free carbon. On the other hand, various attempts have been made to describe the bonding in carbides (4-6), and it is more reasonable to suppose that the carbon gives rise to at least one gaseous corrosion product.It was the aim of the present study to investigate the behavior of titanium carbide anode in sulfuric acid solution, to identify the dissolution products, and to define the limit beyond which this material cannot be regarded as inert. ExperimentalTitanium carbide was deposited onto steel disks (C, 1.4%; Cr, 1.3%) by chemical vapor deposition from a mixture of hydrogen, methane, and titanium tetrachloride vapor at high temperature (7).The nature of the deposit was confirmed by x-ray diffraction studies. Unfortunately this method cannot be used to determine the stoichiometry of the carbide, due to the high degree of scatter in the measured lattice parameter. Chemical analyses have been performed on representative samples of carbide, in order to obtain the stoichiometry. The analysis of metallic impurities was performed by spectrographic and atomic absorption methods. Determination of oxygen and nitrogen was carried out by vacuum extraction and chemical methods, respectively, and of total carbon by oxidation to CO2 which was subsequently determined by coulometric titration. Free carbon was determined by dissolving the sample in HF and HNO~, filtering the free carbon on asbestos and burning it to CO2 in a tube furnace.Compositions vary between nearly stoichiomet...

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confidence: 99%

The Corrosion of Titanium Carbide

Cowling

Hintermann

1970

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…If the current through the introduction cathode is increased to a value of approximately 4/f faradays per mole of TiCI,, where S is the current efficiency of the cell, the reduced titanium chlorides formed exist only transiently and do not escape in significant amounts from the vicirgty of the introduction cathode. The melt therefore is substantially free of reduced Ti salts and no diaphragm is required (6,7).…”

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“…Extractive metallurgy of titanium has been discussed in several review articles (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Increasing interest has been shown in molten salt electrolysis using soluble anodes, but confined chiefly to electrorefining, in which high-purity metal is recovered from scrap or other sources of impure metal.…”

Section: Titanium Bed Introduction Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolytic Preparation of Titanium from Fused Salts

Alpert¹,

Hamilton²,

Schultz³

et al. 1959

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Physikalisch‐chemische Grundlagen zur Titan‐Metallurgie

Kubaschewski

1960

Angewandte Chemie

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timons zu suchen sein. Dort stehen vier d-Bahnen zur Verfiigung, und es sind keine ungepaarten Elektronen vorhanden, die eine a-Bindung einzugehen vermochten. Wenn daher eine fiinfwertige Verbindung dieser Art in der Lage ist, CO in Ni(CO), zu ersetzen, so mu6 dies fast notwendi-38) P . Teck, Verh. Kon. vlaainse Akad. Wetensch., Letteren schone Kunsten Belgie, KI. Wetensch. I / , 5 [1949]. 2 1 ) E. H . Hall u.

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Process for Electrolytic Extraction of Titanium Metal from Titanium Carbide Anodes

Abstract: not Available.

Cited by 9 publications

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The Corrosion of Titanium Carbide

The Corrosion of Titanium Carbide

Electrolytic Preparation of Titanium from Fused Salts

Physikalisch‐chemische Grundlagen zur Titan‐Metallurgie

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