Physikalisch‐chemische Grundlagen zur Titan‐Metallurgie

Kubaschewski, O.

doi:10.1002/ange.19600720707

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 39 publications

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“…At the measured temperatures the oxides of Al and Ti are molten. According to the Al À O and Ti À O phase diagrams the oxidation reaction in molten state is a cumulative process of solving oxygen in the liquid metal [21,22]. Simultaneously the reduced iron-oxide and metallic-phase partially mixes.…”

Section: Hypothetic Qualitative Reaction Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermite Type Reactions of Different Metals with Iron‐Oxide and the Influence of Pressure

Weiser

Roth

Raab

et al. 2010

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Thermite type reactions are usually used when high quantities of heat should safely be produced with low gas release. Stoichiometric samples of aluminium, magnesium and titanium particles in mm-scale were mixed with iron(III) oxide and filled into small test tubes maintaining a constant bulk density. The metals were chosen regarding their heat release, melting and boiling point, the latter also important for the metal oxides. The samples were burnt in a window bomb pressurised from 0.1 to 13 MPa with nitrogen. The reaction was observed using a colour high-speed camera equipped with a macro object lens and different fast scanning emission spectrometers in UV/Vis and NIR to determine burning velocity, emitting species and reaction temperatures. The residues were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) including energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The samples burnt in a reproducible way at a linear regression rate. A strong influence of pressure on the burning velocity and reaction zone temperatures was observed. The burning velocity varied by a factor of 3 forming a maximum at a certain pressure that is characteristic to the type of metal. In correlation, temperatures varied by several hundred Kelvin. Results were discussed regarding the decomposition, melting and boiling behaviour also including thermodynamic equilibrium calculations resulting in a qualitative two-step model of interacting and reacting droplets.

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Section: Hypothetic Qualitative Reaction Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermite Type Reactions of Different Metals with Iron‐Oxide and the Influence of Pressure

Weiser

Roth

Raab

et al. 2010

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Inorganic Reactions with Arc‐heated Gases

Harnisch¹,

Heymer²,

Schallus³

1963

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.

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In certain cases, this route seems to be more favorable than the so-called Mohlau-Bischler indole synthesis [78] in which co-bromoketones react with aromatic amines.A novel electric-arc device, with a torch consuming 100 to 240 amps DC has been developed. In previous apparatus of this kind, both reactants passed through the arc together, but now only one component (e.g., hydrogen or nitrogen) is heated in this new process. The temperature of this component is raised to a point where it exists in a highly excited state or dissociates into free atoms and then leaves the arc in a stream with supersonic velocity through a hole drilled in the anode, being then mixed with the other reactant. The resultant mixture is then immediately quenched. The design and operation of the torch as well as the mixing and quenching procedures are discussed. The preparation of chlorosilanes, titanium trichloride, titanium nitride, and hydrazine by this method is described.

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Chemische Transportreaktionen. IX. Der Transport von TiN mit HCl im Molybdänröhrchen

Schäfer¹,

Fuhr²

1962

Zeitschrift anorg allge chemie

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Die Umsetzung von TiN mit HCl, bei der H2, N2 und die gasförmigen Chloride TiCl4, TiCl3 und TiCl2 nebeneinander entstehen, verläuft oberhalb 1300°C hinreichend schnell und reversibel, so daß sie den chemischen Transport von TiN im Temperaturgefälle ermöglicht. Im Zusammenhang hiermit wurde eine Arbeitstechnik für hohe Temperaturen entwickelt, bei der ein aus Molybdänfolie zusammengerolltes, elektrisch beheiztes Röhrchen als Reaktionsraum dient. Der Transporteffekt entspricht bei hinreichend hoher Temperatur dér Erwartung, wenn man als Modell die Diffusion zwischen Räumen zugrunde legt, in denen Gleichgewicht zwischen TiN und der Gasphase herrscht. Unterhalb 1200°C bleibt der Transport aus kinetischen Gründen – wegen der Stabilität der N2‐Molekel – unmeßbar klein.

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Physikalisch‐chemische Grundlagen zur Titan‐Metallurgie

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Thermite Type Reactions of Different Metals with Iron‐Oxide and the Influence of Pressure

Thermite Type Reactions of Different Metals with Iron‐Oxide and the Influence of Pressure

Inorganic Reactions with Arc‐heated Gases

Chemische Transportreaktionen. IX. Der Transport von TiN mit HCl im Molybdänröhrchen

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