Inorganic Reactions with Arc‐heated Gases

Abstract

In certain cases, this route seems to be more favorable than the so-called Mohlau-Bischler indole synthesis [78] in which co-bromoketones react with aromatic amines.A novel electric-arc device, with a torch consuming 100 to 240 amps DC has been developed. In previous apparatus of this kind, both reactants passed through the arc together, but now only one component (e.g., hydrogen or nitrogen) is heated in this new process. The temperature of this component is raised to a point where it exists in a highly excited state or dissociates into free atoms and then leaves the arc in a stream with supersonic velocity through a hole drilled in the anode, being then mixed with the other reactant. The resultant mixture is then immediately quenched. The design and operation of the torch as well as the mixing and quenching procedures are discussed. The preparation of chlorosilanes, titanium trichloride, titanium nitride, and hydrazine by this method is described.

Reactions of Titanium Tetrachloride in a Radio-Frequency Plasma Torch

“…The TiCls(g) and TiCl2(g) peaks extend to much lower temperatures than in the case of Ar-TiCLt. If the H2 pressure were increased, these peaks would move to even lower temperatures, resulting in TiCL(s) forming at higher temperatures and eventually some TiCl2(s) or even Ti(s) forming, in agreement with the experimental results of Harnisch et al (1963), noted above.…”

“…Without hydrogen both Gutman et al (1955), in a low-pressure electrodeless discharge, and Ingraham et al (1957) found no visible reaction of TiCh. Harnisch, Heymer, and Schallus (1963) reported over 60% conversion of TiCh to TiCh in the presence of H2 in a high temperature arc plasma torch. The product was collected on a water-cooled rotating metal drum and contained small amounts of TiCl2 if the molar ratio of H2 to TiCh was greater than 6 to 1.…”