Process management

Rynk, Robert; Ziegenbein, Jeff; Oshins, Cary; Koerting, Nanci; Hardin, James

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85602-7.00011-x

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 60 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…6. The increase in pH is consistent with results reported in the composting facility study on these same materials (Schwarz et al 2023) and is typical of the composting process (Rynk and Ziegenbein 2022). The C:N ratio of the DM decreased from the initial value of 21 to an average of 16.9 (Fig.…”

Section: Fig 3 Comparison Between Percent Degradation Determined By B...supporting

confidence: 89%

“…Potential solutions include re-using, recycling, and finally composting. Denim garment and textile use and reuse can be maximized via second-hand garment systems (Fortuna and Diyamandoglu 2017;Rynk and Ziegenbein 2022) and innovations in textile recycling (Dahlbo et al 2017;McCauley and Jestratijevic 2023;Wagaw and Babu 2023). With landfilling and incineration of both unsold and post-consumer textile products recently banned in a growing list of places (Protection 2022;Reuters 2023), a final end of use solution for cotton textiles could include biodegradation (Mazibuko et al 2019) in composting facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The compostability of denim fabrics dyed with various indigos

Alwala,

Perju,

Schwarz

et al. 2024

BioRes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Denim fabric samples representing current indigo dye sources and fabric structures were biodegraded in feedstock including food waste, manure, and animal bedding, which are typically composted at the Cornell Farm Services Composting Facility and processed under laboratory conditions for 77 days. Indigo types including dry denim, pre-reduced, and natural did not inhibit degradation as compared to undyed 100% cotton fabric. Additionally, fabrics tested as received from the mill and those tested post scouring degraded effectively. As expected, denim containing 24% polyester and 2% spandex retained overall fabric structure despite degradation of the cotton portion of the yarns.

show abstract

Section: Fig 3 Comparison Between Percent Degradation Determined By B...supporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The compostability of denim fabrics dyed with various indigos

Alwala,

Perju,

Schwarz

et al. 2024

BioRes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Contaminants (glass, metal, plastic, etc.) were removed manually, the material was mixed with the bulking agent, and mechanically turned with a windrow turner 41 .Water was added at the beginning of the composting process (9464 L), and on d 18 (946 L), 24 (1893 L), 31 (846 L), 52 (2650 L), and 66 (5243 L) based on the standard commercial composting practices 42 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the climate change mitigation potential from food waste composting

Pérez

Vergara

Silver

2023

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Food waste is a dominant organic constituent of landfills, and a large global source of greenhouse gases. Composting food waste presents a potential opportunity for emissions reduction, but data on whole pile, commercial-scale emissions and the associated biogeochemical drivers are lacking. We used a non-invasive micrometeorological mass balance approach optimized for three-dimensional commercial-scale windrow compost piles to measure methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions continuously during food waste composting. Greenhouse gas flux measurements were complemented with continuous oxygen (O2) and temperature sensors and intensive sampling for biogeochemical processes. Emission factors (EF) ranged from 6.6 to 8.8 kg CH4–C/Mg wet food waste and were driven primarily by low redox and watering events. Composting resulted in low N2O emissions (0.01 kg N2O–N/Mg wet food waste). The overall EF value (CH4 + N2O) for food waste composting was 926 kgCO2e/Mg of dry food waste. Composting emissions were 38–84% lower than equivalent landfilling fluxes with a potential net minimum savings of 1.4 MMT CO2e for California by year 2025. Our results suggest that food waste composting can help mitigate emissions. Increased turning during the thermophilic phase and less watering overall could potentially further lower emissions.

show abstract

“…Temperature is an important and reliable factor used to determine the success of the composting process. The heat released during the composting process affects the biochemical activity due to microbial activities (Rynk and Ziegenbein, 2021). By the feedstock that acts as insulation, the rate of heat dissipation slows down and the temperature of the pile rises.…”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biological activity inhibits below the moisture content of 15 %, but studies have reported that the composting process slows down significantly when dropped below 40 %. When the low moisture content is reached, water or wet feedstocks should be added to the process (Diaz et al, 2007;Rynk and Ziegenbein, 2021). As the moisture content increases, the liquid film layer surrounding the solid particles thickens.…”

Section: Moisture Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%