Process Optimization on Multilayer Morphology During 316L Double-wire CMT+P Deposition Process

Wu, Wei; Xue, Jiaxiang; Zhang, Zhan‐Hui; Ren, Xianghui; Xie, Bin

doi:10.3390/met9121334

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Pulse can change the current output by accelerating the flow rate of electrons, which makes up for the deficiency of the typical CMT welding process, that is, the small weld depth and only suitable for thin plate welding. It is easy to obtain a welded joint with a relatively large weld depth-to-width ratio [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. In this study, the DP980 dual-phase steel plate with 1.2 mm thickness was welded by the CMT + P welding technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructures and Properties Investigation on DP980 Dual-Phase Steel CMT + P Welded Joints

Liu

Chen

et al. 2022

Materials

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The increasing demand for the lightweight production of advanced high-strength steel puts forward higher requirements for the quality of welded joint forming. The common CMT welding process has certain limitations and is difficult to meet the needs of lightweight manufacturing. In this study, the CMT + P welding technology was used to weld the DP980 dual-phase steel plate with 1.2 mm thickness. The ER120S-G welding wire was used as the filling material to conduct a 70° angle lap welding experiment. The effects of wire feeding speed (3 m/min~5 m/min) and welding speed (350 mm/min~600 mm/min) on the forming, microstructures, and mechanical properties of DP980 dual-phase steel welded joints were analyzed. The results show that the CMT + P welding process can produce lap weldments with good formability and properties. The welded joints can be divided into the weld zone, the HAZ, and the base metal zone, where the HAZ can be divided into the coarse-grained zone and the softened zone. The role of the elements Ni and Si is to promote the production of martensite and to increase the ferrite strength in welded joints. As the wire feeding speed increases, the grain size of the coarse grain zone in the HAZ increases from 31.90 μm to 50.93 μm; while the welding speed increases, the grain size of the coarse grain zone decreases from 45.48 μm to 35.73 μm. The average microhardness of the weld zone is 420 HV. In contrast, the average microhardness of the softening zone in HAZ is reduced to 250 HV. When the wire feeding speed is 4 m/min and the welding speed is 550 mm/min, the tensile properties of the weldment are optimal, its tensile strength can reach 973 MPa, and the tensile fracture is ductile fracture.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructures and Properties Investigation on DP980 Dual-Phase Steel CMT + P Welded Joints

Liu

Chen

et al. 2022

Materials

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“…The stress-strain curves measured at the same position of tensile specimens are illustrated in Figure 6, and the average tensile strength and elongation are provided in Table 1. Compared with the sample without auxiliary gas process manufactured by Wu et al [2], both the tensile strength and elongation were increased, which indicated that the auxiliary gas process could improve the performance. In addition, according to the average tensile strength, it could be seen that the auxiliary gas of 30 • had some stirring and cooling effect on the unsolidified molten pool, resulting in a relatively better tensile strength performance.…”

Section: Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Design-Expert software was used to analyze the evaluation results, and then the regression equation was obtained as follows: R = 94.62−0.021A−3.14B−1.03C + 0.105AB−0.057AC + 0.276BC + 0.0064A 2 −0.291C 2 −0.0035A 2 B + 0.0017A 2 C + 0.0019AC 2 where A indicates the angle between the nozzle and the welding torch, B represents the auxiliary gas flow rate, C expresses the distance from the nozzle to the substrate, and R indicates the comprehensive score of the deposition.…”

Section: Parameters Modeling and Optimal Prediction Of Auxiliary Gas ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Double-wire arc additive manufacturing can address the conflict between improving deposition rate and reducing heat input. In the study of double-wire cold metal transfer plus pulse (CMT + P) additive manufacturing researched by Wu et al [2], increasing wire feeding speed and scanning speed resulted in serious heat accumulation, which decreased the height and increased the width of the specimens. Although the heat input keeps constant, the severe thermal accumulation would lead to the coarse grain and poor performance; therefore, it is difficult to obtain all the objects optimization, such as deposition efficiency, morphology and performance by adjusting parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parameters Optimization of Auxiliary Gas Process for Double-Wire SS316L Stainless Steel Arc Additive Manufacturing

Xue

et al. 2021

Metals

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Serious heat accumulation limits the further efficiency and application in additive manufacturing (AM). This study accordingly proposed a double-wire SS316L stainless steel arc AM with a two-direction auxiliary gas process to research the effect of three parameters, such as auxiliary gas nozzle angle, auxiliary gas flow rate and nozzle-to-substrate distance on depositions, then based on the Box–Behnken Design response surface, a regression equation between three parameters and the total score were established to optimized parameters by an evaluation system. The results showed that samples with nozzle angle of 30° had poor morphology but good properties, and increasing gas flow or decreasing distance would enhance the airflow strength and stiffness, then strongly stir the molten pool and resist the interference. Then a diverse combination of auxiliary process parameters had different influences on the morphology and properties, and an interactive effect on the comprehensive score. Ultimately the optimal auxiliary gas process parameters were 17.4°, 25 L/min and 10.44 mm, which not only bettered the morphology, but refined the grains and improved the properties due to the stirring and cooling effect of the auxiliary gas, which provides a feasible way for quality and efficiency improvements in arc additive manufacturing.

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“…The optimization of CMT technology is mainly achieved by applying pulses. Wu et al (2019) used the double-wire CMT + P process to obtain the 316 L stainless steel multilayer, and found that asynchronous arc striking and extinguishing can improve the forming. Increasing the wire feeding and decreasing the welding speed can increase the deposition rate, but it will cause the crystalline grains coarser due to the heat accumulation and reduction in the mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Ni-Al Bronze Parts Using Cold Metal Transfer Process

Wang

Zhao²,

Chang³

et al. 2021

Front. Mater.

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In this paper, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the SG-CuAl8Ni6 Ni-Al bronze straight wall were studied, which was fabricated by the cold metal transfer (CMT) arc additive manufacturing technology. This Ni-Al bronze cladding layer of SG-CuAl8Ni6 is composed mainly of α-Cu, residual β phase, rich Pb phase and κ phase. The microstructure of this multilayer single-channel Ni-Al bronze straight wall circulating presents the overall periodic law, which changes from fine cellular crystals, columnar crystals to dendritic crystals with the increase of the distance from the substrate. The Vickers hardness value of the Ni-Al bronze straight wall decreases with the distance of substrate are between 155 and 185 HV0.5. The microhardness and elastic modulus of the Ni-Al bronze specimen are 1.57 times and 1.99 times higher than these of the brass matrix, respectively. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the straight wall in the welding direction and 45° downward-sloping is greater than that of about 550 MPa in the stacking direction, and the elongation value in the welding direction is the highest. With the increase in interlayer temperature, the grain size increased gradually, and the tensile strength decreases slightly.

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Process Optimization on Multilayer Morphology During 316L Double-wire CMT+P Deposition Process

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Microstructures and Properties Investigation on DP980 Dual-Phase Steel CMT + P Welded Joints

Microstructures and Properties Investigation on DP980 Dual-Phase Steel CMT + P Welded Joints

Parameters Optimization of Auxiliary Gas Process for Double-Wire SS316L Stainless Steel Arc Additive Manufacturing

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Ni-Al Bronze Parts Using Cold Metal Transfer Process

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