Processed eggshell membrane powder regulates cellular functions and increase MMP-activity important in early wound healing processes

Abstract

Avian eggshell membrane (ESM) is a natural biomaterial that has been used as an alternative natural bandage to cure wounds, and is available in large quantities from egg industries. We have previously demonstrated that processed eggshell membrane powder (PEP), aiming to be used in a low cost wound healing product, possesses anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we further investigated effects of PEP on MMP activities in vitro (a dermal fibroblast cell culture system) and in vivo (a mouse skin wound healing model). Three days incubation with PEP in cell culture led to rearrangement of the actin-cytoskeleton and vinculin in focal adhesions and increased syndecan-4 shedding. In addition, we observed increased matrix metalloproteinase type 2 (MMP-2) enzyme activation, without effects on protein levels of MMP-2 or its regulators (membrane type 1 (MT1)-MMP and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase type 2 (TIMP-2). Longer incubation (10 days) led to increased protein levels of MMP-2 and its regulators. We also observed an increased alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) production, suggesting an effect of PEP on myofibroblast differentiation. In vivo, using the mouse skin wound healing model, PEP treatment (3 days) increased MMP activity at the wound edges, along with increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein levels, and increased keratinocyte cell proliferation. Altogether, our data suggest PEP stimulates MMP activity, and with a positive effect on early cellular events during wound healing.

Ganoderma lucidum Ethanol Extracts Enhance Re-Epithelialization and Prevent Keratinocytes from Free-Radical Injury

“…To evaluate if G. lucidum ethanol extract treatment could be helpful for skin care, from minor, superficial and basic skin injuries to more complicated pathological states such as ulcers or bedsores, pathologies which, in addition to cell proliferation, also required suitable cell migration [ 34 ], we evaluated whether the extract treatment influenced the expression and activity of proteins involved in cell migration. Furthermore, we reported an increase of the migration rate supported by activation of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), specifically MMP-2 and MMP-9; the pathways downstream EGFR stimulation; and phospho-Src ( Figure 4 b), important factors for stimulation of cell migration and normal tissue remodelling [ 35 , 36 ]. These results were confirmed by the functional wound healing assay at all doses tested from 0.62 to 10 µg mL −1 , with 10 µg mL −1 being the most effective dose ( Figure 3 a,b).…”

Biomass as a sustainable resource for value‐added modern materials: a review

“…It can reduce knee pain and increase flexibility in joint and connective tissue disorder due to the presence of naturally occurring glycosaminoglycans and protein. Various studies also reported that ESM has a useful effect on cutaneous wounds in the early stages of healing . Yang et al 237.…”

“…Polycaprolactone (PCL) has good mechanical strength and, in combination with weak SEP, has a great potential as scaffold material and guided tissue regeneration barrier material. Processed eggshell membrane (PEP) also acts as skin wound healing activator 236. Processed eggshell membranes with its fibrous structure and collagen components enhances fibroblasts and keratinocytes, which migrate into the wound and start to proliferate.…”

“…This regulates the activity of various increased matrix metalloproteinase type 2 enzymes that affect early cellular events during wound healing. Eggshell membrane has found uses in eye engineering as a dressing model that was developed for the use of vitreous surgery training as well as in nerve regeneration . Hence, ESM is a promising biomaterial for the preparation of wound dressings and nerve regeneration.…”

Reproductive management of poultry

“…27 Egg shell membranes or egg shell membrane powder have been used as natural bandage for burns and injuries in traditional Asian medicine. Egg shell membrane powder and its carbohydrate constituents have been recently been demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory effects 119,120 supporting their effectiveness.…”