Processes controlling ammonia emission from livestock slurry in the field

Sommer, Sven G.; Génermont, Sophie; Cellier, Pierre; Hutchings, Nicholas J.; Olesen, Jørgen E.; Morvan, Thierry

doi:10.1016/s1161-0301(03)00037-6

Cited by 196 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…8). This is similar to Ge´nermont and Cellier (1997) and Sommer et al (2003), who also found that soil temperature plays a significant role in evaporation as well as the volatilization process. Findings confirm that the majority of input parameters related to the surface energy balance submodels, including windspeed, …”

Section: Model Sensitivity Evaluationsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Short-term changes in the soil-manure pH interface after spreading are variable and complex. Sommer et al (2003) also stated that an adequate description of the change in manure pH with time after application has been difficult to adequately model and is a major weakness in current NH 3 volatilization models. Sommer and Olesen (2000) attempted to predict soil surface slurry pH using an empirical sub-model where surface manure/soil interface pH was a function of u v .…”

Section: Results and Discussion Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This equation was therefore used to help determine the soil-manure interface pH. It is well known that pH plays a major role with regards to NH 3 loss (Sommer et al 2003;Sullivan et al 2003); however, the pH of the top soil layer, as well as the pH of the manure in that top layer, is the most influential when it comes to loss. This equation was used to determine the soil manure interface pH instead of using soil pH alone.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulating ammonia loss from surface applied manure

Smith¹,

Bourque²,

Campbell³

et al. 2009

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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M. 2009. Simulating ammonia loss from surface-applied manure. Can. J. Soil Sci. 89: 357Á367. The land spreading of manure can result in significant nitrogen (N) losses to the atmosphere through ammonia (NH 3 ) volatilization. It is estimated that agricultural activities, including manure spreading contribute approximately 50% of the total global NH 3 emissions. Computer simulation models have been developed in an attempt to predict NH 3 losses resulting from manure spreading. Few models have been validated with success and no validation has been completed for conditions found in eastern Canada. The mechanistic model Volt'Air was implemented and tested to estimate NH 3 emissions using field-based wind tunnel data from three field locations in eastern Canada. The model was validated using data from 27 wind tunnel trials, which measured NH 3 loss over 5Á19 d. Sensitivity analysis revealed that Volt'Air was most sensitive to pH. Good overall agreement was observed between measured results and model simulations over 5Á19 d (R 2 00.91, RMSE 02.9 kg ha(1 ). Short-term flux simulations (kg ha(1 h(1 ) within the first 24 h after spreading were underestimated by 29.5% and fluxes on subsequent days were slightly underestimated by 3.7%. Error with Volt'Air appears to be largely confined to the first day following manure application. Volt'Air offers potential for predicting NH 3 losses (i.e., 5Á19 d) from manure application within eastern Canada. Improving the simulation of short-term pH changes, however, may result in enhanced overall model performance.

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Section: Model Sensitivity Evaluationsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Results and Discussion Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Discussion Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Simulating ammonia loss from surface applied manure

Smith¹,

Bourque²,

Campbell³

et al. 2009

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

Self Cite

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“…Varying instrumental performance Sutton et al, 2009) and limited signal range of sensors introduce large uncertainties into NH 3 emission quantifications. The possibility for accurate field scale assessments under common agricultural practice is important for the validation of emission levels (Sommer et al, 2003;Spirig et al, 2010). Agricultural practice means that the slurry spreading is not performed instantaneously, but as a sequence of dispersals over a period of typically one to several hours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of field scale ammonia emissions for common slurry spreading practice with two independent methods

et al. 2011

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Abstract.At a cropland and a grassland site field scale ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions from slurry application were determined simultaneously by two approaches based on (i) eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements using high temperature Chemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (HT-CIMS) and on (ii) backward Lagrangian Stochastic (bLS) dispersion modelling using concentration measurements by three optical open path Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) systems. Slurry was spread on the fields in sequential tracks over a period of one to two hours. In order to calculate field emissions, measured EC/HT-CIMS fluxes were combined with flux footprint analysis of individual slurry spreading tracks to parameterise the NH 3 volatilisation with a bi-exponential time dependence. Accordingly, track-resolved concentration footprints for the FTIR measurements were calculated using bLS. A consistency test with concentrations measured by impingers showed very low systematic deviations for the EC/HT-CIMS results (<8 %) but larger deviations for the bLS/FTIR results. For both slurry application events, the period during fertilisation and the subsequent two hours contributed by more than 80 % to the total field emissions. Averaged over the two measurement methods, the cumulated emissions of the first day amounted to 17 ± 3 % loss of applied total ammoniacal nitrogen over the cropland and 16 ± 3 % over the grassland field.

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“…Meeting these ceiling obligations presents a challenge for Irish agriculture, which accounts for 98% of national NH 3 emissions. NH 3 emissions from urea fertiliser on grassland in Ireland and the UK have been found to be quite variable, ranging from 8 to 68% of applied N (Chambers and Dampney, 2009;Forrestal et al, 2015) and may be due to differences in temperature, precipitation and wind speed following urea application (Black et al, 1987;Hatch et al, 1990;Sommer et al, 1991Sommer et al, , 2003Sanz-Cobena et al, 2011). Another important factor that may contribute to this range in emissions is the variation of soil types, with different physical and chemical characteristics (Stevens et al, 1989;Watson et al, 1994;He et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A field-based comparison of ammonia emissions from six Irish soil types following urea fertiliser application

Burchill

Lanigan

Forrestal

et al. 2016

Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research

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Ammonia (NH3 ) emissions from a range of soil types have been found to differ under laboratory conditions. However, there is lack of studies comparing NH 3 emissions from different soil types under field conditions. The objective was to compare NH 3 emissions from six different soil types under similar environmental conditions in the field following urea fertiliser application. The study was conducted on a lysimeter unit and NH 3 emissions were measured, using wind tunnels, from six different soil types with varying soil characteristics following urea fertiliser application (80 kg N/ha). On average, 17.6% (% total N applied) was volatilised, and there was no significant difference in NH 3 emissions across all soil types. Soil variables, including pH, cation exchange capacity and volumetric moisture, were not able to account for the variation in emissions. Further field studies are required to improve the urea-NH 3 emission factor used for Ireland's NH 3 inventory.

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Processes controlling ammonia emission from livestock slurry in the field

Cited by 196 publications

References 99 publications

Simulating ammonia loss from surface applied manure

Simulating ammonia loss from surface applied manure

Determination of field scale ammonia emissions for common slurry spreading practice with two independent methods

A field-based comparison of ammonia emissions from six Irish soil types following urea fertiliser application

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