Processible and Thermally Stable Heterocyclic Polymers for Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Studies

Liang, Zhiyong; Yang, Zheng; Sun, Sam-Shajing; Wu, Bo; Dalton, Larry R.; Garner, Sean; Kalluri, Srinath; Chen, Antao; Steier, William H.

doi:10.1021/cm960221x

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The intensity of the absorbance also drops because of chromophore orientation change from random to aligned perpendicular to the plane of the film. This reduction in the absorption intensity and the blue shift to higher energy are both consistent with electrochromic shifts in poled polymer films previously observed 8–13…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…As a result, polymeric materials systems that do not contain OH or NH groups are more desirable. With respect to the materials' ultrastructure fabrication and thermal stability issue, crosslinked polymer systems are among the most promising systems because of their versatile processability, potentially very high thermal stability, and chemical resistance by polymer crosslinking 7–13…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, these crosslinked polyesters do not contain OH or NH groups, and are thus attractive for potential optical applications at 1550 nm. Second, the polymer synthesis and crosslinking schemes seem relatively versatile, convenient, and cost effective compared to most other developed crosslinked NLO polymer systems 7–13. Finally, the capability of photoinitiated crosslinking of these polyesters16 offer potential advantages of photolithographic protocols for waveguide ultrastructure fabrications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fumaryl chloride and maleic anhydride–derived crosslinked functional polymers for nonlinear optical waveguide applications

Maaref

Roz

Sun

et al. 2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The synthesis, processing, and characterization of new crosslinked functional polymer thin films derived from fumaryl chloride and maleic anhydride is presented. Experimental data demonstrated that this is a versatile, convenient, and cost-effective method of fabricating ultrastructure crosslinked and functional polymer thin films for potential nonlinear optical (NLO) or other applications where molecular orientation is required. The unsaturated and processable polyester thin films are capable of crosslinking in air to form a hardened lattice under a variety of conditions, including both thermal and photoinitiated crosslinking. The thermal stability of the second harmonic (SHG) signal for a crosslinked NLO thin film was stable at temperatures up to 150°C, which is in contrast to uncrosslinked polymers whose SHG signals typically decreased over 50% below 100°C. Because of the lack of NH/OH groups and their vibrational overtones in the polymer, these crosslinked polyester systems have a great potential for low optical loss applications at 1550 nm communication wavelength.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fumaryl chloride and maleic anhydride–derived crosslinked functional polymers for nonlinear optical waveguide applications

Maaref

Roz

Sun

et al. 2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The chromophore disperse red triol (DRTO) was synthesized in three steps, as shown in Scheme . The detailed procedure has been reported previously . To remove trace amounts of ionic impurities, which may produce detrimental effects during subsequent electric field poling, the chromophore was recrystallized from methanol several times before use.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress toward Device-Quality Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Materials. 1. Influence of Composition and Processing Conditions on Nonlinearity, Temporal Stability, and Optical Loss

Mao¹,

Ra²,

Guo³

et al. 1998

Chem. Mater.

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We report the incorporation of a new trifunctionalized disperse red-type chromophore into a polyurethane thermosetting system. Six polymers with different chromophore loading and NCO/OH ratios were synthesized. This system exhibited very good poling efficiencies, and the optimum chromophore loading density ranged from 30 to 40%. Decreasing chromophore loading caused an attenuation of macroscopic nonlinearity, due to the lowering of chromophore concentration in the polymer; while increasing chromophore loading above 40% also attenuated the nonlinearity, presumably because of chromophore-chromophore electrostatic interactions starting to compete with the electric field-chromophore dipole interactions at high chromophore concentration. Materials with a NCO/OH ratio equal to or greater than unity have much higher temporal stability of dipole alignment than materials with a NCO/OH ratio less than 1. By anchoring the chromophores at both the donor and acceptor ends, the temporal stability of dipole alignment was enhanced significantly. For such materials, the optical loss of unpoled materials with nonstoichiometric NCO/OH ratios was observed to be high; however, this loss could be reduced to less than 1 dB/cm by adjusting the NCO/OH ratio to unity. It is generally believed that poling induced optical loss is a serious problem associated with second-order NLO materials prepared by electric field poling. In our study, we found this type of optical loss could be reduced to only 0.2 dB/cm by careful control of processing conditions.

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Electrooptical Applications

Dalton

2010

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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An overview of organic electronic electrooptic materials and the applications of those materials in prototype devices is given. This overview is set in the context of competing technologies. Quantum and statistical mechanical theoretical methods have recently provided significantly improved guidance in understanding organic electrooptic material structure/function relationships, leading to the systematic increase in electrooptic activity of such materials to values 15 times larger than the current commercial standard lithium niobate. In addition to discussion of electro‐optic activity, auxiliary properties of bandwidth, optical loss, thermal stability, photochemical stability, mechanical properties, and processability are discussed. Since the year 2000, substantial advances have been achieved in the processing of organic electrooptic materials and the integration with disparate materials, e.g., silicon photonics. For example, cycloaddition reactions have been employed to dramatically improve the thermal and photochemical stability of organic electrooptic materials. Integration of organic electrooptic materials with silicon photonic device structures have lead to new performance records, device concepts, and paves the way for the chipscale intergration of electronics and photonics. The fabrication of conformal and flexible devices have also been demonstrated with organic electrooptic materials and such materials have been amenable to production of complex photonic circuitry by nanoimprint/soft lithography techniques.

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Processible and Thermally Stable Heterocyclic Polymers for Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Studies

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Fumaryl chloride and maleic anhydride–derived crosslinked functional polymers for nonlinear optical waveguide applications

Fumaryl chloride and maleic anhydride–derived crosslinked functional polymers for nonlinear optical waveguide applications

Progress toward Device-Quality Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Materials. 1. Influence of Composition and Processing Conditions on Nonlinearity, Temporal Stability, and Optical Loss

Electrooptical Applications

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