Processing of polyurethane–polyester interpenetrating polymer network (IPN)

Hsu, T. Jeffrey; Lee, L. James

doi:10.1002/app.1988.070360517

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Numerous favourable attributes, for example enhanced damping properties [9][10][11][12], have been discovered and extensively analysed. Several kinds of polymer resin pairs were 3 investigated, such as epoxy (EP) with polyurethanes (PU) [9,[13][14][15], EP with unsaturated polyester (UP) [10,16], PU with UP resin [17,18], and EP with vinyl ester (VE) resin [11,19,20]. Hybrid resins have great damping abilities and some of them also showed synergistic mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical performance of hybrid thermoset composites: Effects of matrix and reinforcement hybridization

Turcsán

Mészáros

2017

Composites Science and Technology

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Hybrid epoxy/vinyl ester (EP/VE) and epoxy/unsaturated polyester (EP/UP) resins were used as matrices to prepare unidirectional carbon fibre (CF) and carbon/glass fibre (CF/GF) reinforced composites targeting toughness of improvement. Hybrid resins were produced simultaneously (one-pot) and sequentially. (Thermo)mechanical properties of hybrid resins were determined in surface hardness, three-point bending, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests. Hybrid matrix composites with CF and CF/GF hybrid reinforcements were characterized with quasi-static mechanical (three-point bending) tests performed in 0° (longitudinal) and 90° (transverse) directions. In addition, flexural fatigue tests were run on UD composites.Interlaminar properties were deduced from in-plane shear strength (IPSS) test and 2 fractographic inspection in a scanning electron microscope. The EP/VE hybrid resin exhibited improved energy absorption compared to neat constituent resins in contrast to EP/UP. Using hybrid resins as matrix highly improved the toughness and durability of the corresponding composites. Improved energy absorption was attributed to the phase structure of the hybrid resins, which also positively affected the IPSS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical performance of hybrid thermoset composites: Effects of matrix and reinforcement hybridization

Turcsán

Mészáros

2017

Composites Science and Technology

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“…In the field of thermoset IPNs, the researchers have investigated a variety of material combinations like epoxy resins (EP) with polyurethanes (PU) [6][7][8][9], unsaturated polyester (UP) resins with PU [10,11], EP with vinyl ester (VE) resins [4,5,[13][14][15], and EP with UP resins [16,17]. Most of the investigations focused on improving the mechanical behaviours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays the field of hybrid resins is relatively well investigated [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][21][22][23]. In case of hybrid matrix composites the researchers investigated mainly the molecular structure and the reinforcement-matrix connection [18,24], the structuremechanical relationship is less investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and mechanical properties of carbon fibre reinforced EP/VE hybrid composite systems

Mészáros¹,

Turcsán²

2014

Period. Polytech. Mech. Eng.

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In this study epoxy/vinyl ester (EP/VE) based hybrid thermoset resin was developed and used as a matrix in unidirectional Keywords Hybrid resin · fatigue · composite · epoxy · vinyl ester · IPN IntroductionIn the field of thermoset polymer composites the researchers work on materials and their combinations which give more favourable mechanical properties. The thermoset structural composites have great strength and modulus, but their toughness properties are often worse than that of ductile metals and alloys or thermoplastic matrix polymer composites. These high performance materials usually give rigid reactions to quickly forthcoming actions, loadings. The solution for toughening can be found in the micro-, or nano-scale structure of the thermoset polymer. In the fibre reinforced composites usually the matrix is responsible for the toughness, therefore mainly the matrix should be modified to improve of this property [1,2].Basically, there are two different ways to create micro-, or nano-structure in the polymers. The first opportunity is the hybridization of the reinforcing materials with micro or nano sized particles. Nowadays this technique is quite popular among researchers and manufacturers, because of the easy reproducibility of these composites. The effectiveness of this third phase is based on the properties of the particle itself and on the surface to volume ratio that has main role in the quality of the adhesion. The specific surface can be extremely huge in case of nanoparticles. Another way to achieve micro-or nanostructured systems is to change the matrix morphology by blending. In this approach researchers try to make a mixture of different polymers, which are well distributed in each other and the border area of their phases (interphases) has large surface, where a lot of secondary bounds are present. One example of such structure is the interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) system, in which the different polymer phases are not separated, but the polymer chains penetrates into the other crosslinked structure of the other phase. In these systems a sort of synergistic effects there can be found. Due to this fact the IPN structure can absorb remarkable amount of energy by their flexible properties. This feature can be manifested in mechanical, thermal and thermo-mechanical properties too [1][2][3].The mentioned synergistic effects and the compatibility of mixed polymers affect the thermo-mechanical properties.

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“…The kinetic features were studied experimentally and theoretically for IPNs made of PU and unsaturated polyester (PE) [266]. In this case the PU component formed from diisocyanate, polyol, and diol consists of rigid and soft segments.…”

Section: Kinetic Characteristics Of Ipn Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using additive models [266] based on the additive contribution of IPN components, theoretical calculations were performed for IPNs under consideration of both isothermal and adiabatic regimes. For these calculations, the Scheme 1 Schematic structure diagram of PU-PES IPN reactions [266] Arrhenius equation was used under a set of simplifications that account for no mutual influence of forming network and physical interactions in the system.…”

Section: Kinetic Characteristics Of Ipn Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%