Processing of spent Li/MnO2 batteries to obtain Li2CO3

Recovery of valuable elements from spent Li-batteries

“…Ion chromatographic analysis indicates that LiF corresponds to 70-80 wt% of the solid. The recovery of lithium from such salts is higher than recovery as carbonate (around 70-80 wt%) [4,16]. Both lithium salts present commercial value [23], but it is necessary to treat the mixture in order to recover a single final product.…”

“…They have been recognized as a secondary source for Li, Co and Mn [16,17]. It is necessary to take into account the presence of some elements in minor amounts, which can make recycling difficult because of chemical interference.…”

“…H 2 O 2 is usually added [7,9,10,18] in order to convert all cobalt or manganese to the +2 state for subsequent recovery by electrochemical [9], precipitation [7,10] or solvent extraction [2] techniques. It is possible to recover lithium together with cobalt as LiCoO 2 mixed oxide (the basic cathode component) [10] or alone, as carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ) [4,16,17] at 100 • C, presenting the lowest solubility in water [19]. Carbon is usually recovered as insoluble matter after the leaching process [3,4].…”

Recovery of cobalt and lithium from spent lithium ion batteries using organic citric acid as leachant

“…H 2 O 2 is usually added to convert all cobalt or manganese to their +2 state for subsequent recovery using electrochemical, precipitation or solvent extraction techniques [12][13][14]. It is possible to recover lithium as a carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ) or with cobalt as LiCoO 2 at 100 • C [15,16].…”

Battery Recycling Technologies: Recycling Waste Lithium Ion Batteries with the Impact on the Environment In-View

“…These as-recovered metals or their respective compounds (cobalt, lithium, manganese, and nickel) are not only valuable metals but are alternative precursors for new batteries formulations. Thus, several attempts have been made to review the old processes considered green and non-green chemistries to either improve on the existing ones or propose new recovery processes that are considered simple and of industrial-scale (Kondás et al, 2006;Nan et al, 2005). However, the cells used in cell phones and laptops are not fully recycled and consequently causing unsustainable open loop in the industrial cycle (Wang et al, 2011).…”