Processing of spent platinum-based catalysts via fusion with potassium hydrogenosulfate

Júnior, Sebastião Guedes Batista; Afonso, Júlio Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.08.098

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…High-purity Pt could be recovered from spent Pt/Al 2 O 3 and PtSnIn/Al 2 O 3 catalysts using a low-severity pyro-/hydro- metallurgical process developed by Batista and Afonso. 251 It involved fusion of the de-coked and ground spent catalysts with KHSO 4 at about 450 °C for 3 h using the spent catalyst/flux mass ratio of 1/10. The fused mass obtained under these conditions was dissolved in water, while all Pt remained concentrated in the insoluble solid residue.…”

Section: Metal Reclamation From Spent Noblementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroprocessing Catalysts Containing Noble Metals: Deactivation, Regeneration, Metals Reclamation, and Environment and Safety

Marafi

Furimsky²

2017

Energy Fuels

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Interest in the use of catalysts containing noble metals (NMs) in various hydroprocessing (HPR) applications is the result of an increasing volume of unconventional feeds and a continuous change in performance parameters of petroleum products. Conventional HPR catalysts can only partially fulfill new requirements. The high price of NMs and their high activity under both reducing and oxidative atmospheres require some modifications of the strategies that have been used for the handling of spent conventional HPR catalysts. Because of their higher activity, the deactivation of NMs-containing catalysts during HPR occurs under less severe conditions compared with that of conventional HPR catalysts. However, adverse effects of sulfur, nitrogen, oxygenates, and metals in feeds may require a higher severity to achieve HPR objectives. The activity of spent NMscontaining catalysts can be almost completely recovered by regeneration. The oxidative regeneration of spent NMs-containing catalysts has been performed commercially, while reductive and extractive regenerations offer alternative routes. The high value of NMs dictates that metal recovery is the only option if an adequate catalyst activity recovery cannot be achieved by regeneration. The methods are available for NMs recovery on an industrial scale. Also, the research aiming at improvement of metals recovery via existing methods as well as development novel methods has been noted.

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Section: Metal Reclamation From Spent Noblementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroprocessing Catalysts Containing Noble Metals: Deactivation, Regeneration, Metals Reclamation, and Environment and Safety

Marafi

Furimsky²

2017

Energy Fuels

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“…However, the authors did not investigate the extraction of Pt. Batista et al described the sulfation roasting of a commercial Pt-based catalyst with KHSO4 as a sulfate source, but in the absence of an oxidizing agent [11]. In this case, Pt did not react and consequently did not dissolve during the subsequent water leaching step.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined microwave assisted roasting and leaching to recover platinum group metals from spent automotive catalysts

Spooren

Atia

2020

Minerals Engineering

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A microwave assisted two-step platinum group metal (PGM) extraction process for spent automotive ceramic catalysts was developed. The first step consists of a microwave (MW) sulfation roasting process of spent catalyst in the presence of NaHSO4•H2O or KHSO4 and NaClO3, for which the roasting parameters (i.e. MW power, roasting time, ClO3 -:HSO4molar ratio, salt:catalyst weight ratio) were studied and optimized. During roasting a solid salt mixture and spent catalyst (weight ratio salt:spent catalyst = 5, molar ratio NaClO3:NaHSO4•H2O = 0.05) was volumetric heated (750 W, 30 min) through absorption of MWs without the use of any other heat source. Whereas for the subsequent step, a short (30 min, 105 °C) MW acidic leaching process in 1 M HCl solution at a liquid to salt ratio of 10 was evaluated to give the best PGM leachabilities (i.e. Pd 96 ±1%, Pt 85 ±5% and Rh >96%).An in depth experimental study of the roasting process showed that sulfation roasting attacks both the cordierite (Mg2Al4Si5O18) honeycomb material and rare earth oxides of the wash coat, to form sulfate salts. During roasting metallic Pd oxidized. Mass loss during roasting was ascribed to evaporation of NaHSO4•H2O hydration water and subsequent decomposition of NaHSO4.

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“…Fusion using bisulfate has attracted attention from several research groups [22][23][24][25]. Batista and Afonso [22] intended to upgrade the PGE from a used catalyst by matrix (alumina) decomposition, believing that Pt would not react with bisulfate during fusion and would be accumulated in the residue. The other researchers mentioned, with the same confidence, that bisulfate alone would be ineffective to transform Pt into the soluble phase, so they combined the bisulfate with a strong oxidant (e.g., perchlorates) during fusion to make the transformation applicable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platinum Group Elements Recovery from Used Catalytic Converters by Acidic Fusion and Leaching

Prasetyo

Anderson

2020

Metals

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The recovery of platinum group elements (PGE (platinum group element coating); Pd, Pt, and Rh) from used catalytic converters, using low energy and fewer chemicals, was developed using potassium bisulfate fusion pretreatment, and subsequently leached using hydrochloric acid. In the fusion pre-treatment, potassium bisulfate alone (without the addition of an oxidant) proved to be an effective and selective fusing agent. It altered PGE into a more soluble species and did not react with the cordierite support, based on X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and metallographic characterization results. The fusion efficacy was due to the transformation of bisulfate into pyrosulfate, which is capable of oxidizing PGE. However, the introduction of potassium through the fusing agent proved to be detrimental, in general, since potassium formed insoluble potassium PGE chloro-complexes during leaching (decreasing the recovery) and required higher HCl concentration and a higher leaching temperature to restore the solubility. Optimization on the fusion and leaching parameter resulted in 106% ± 1.7%, 93.3% ± 0.6%, and 94.3% ± 3.9% recovery for Pd, Pt, and Rh, respectively. These results were achieved at fusion conditions: temperature 550 °C, potassium bisulfate/raw material mass ratio 2.5, and fusion time within 30 min. The leaching conditions were: HCl concentration 5 M, temperature 80 °C, and time within 20 min.

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Processing of spent platinum-based catalysts via fusion with potassium hydrogenosulfate

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

Hydroprocessing Catalysts Containing Noble Metals: Deactivation, Regeneration, Metals Reclamation, and Environment and Safety

Hydroprocessing Catalysts Containing Noble Metals: Deactivation, Regeneration, Metals Reclamation, and Environment and Safety

Combined microwave assisted roasting and leaching to recover platinum group metals from spent automotive catalysts

Platinum Group Elements Recovery from Used Catalytic Converters by Acidic Fusion and Leaching

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