Processing of time within the prefrontal cortex: Recent time engages posterior areas whereas distant time engages anterior areas

Koritzky, Gilly; He, Qinghua; Xue, Gui; Wong, Simon S.; Lin, Xiao; Bechara, Antoine

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.01.056

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This result suggests that PGs’ tendency to choose disadvantageously may not be specifically due to rapid discounting of past outcomes or to an inability to anticipate consequences of choosing cards from each deck (Yechiam et al, 2005). This result also implies (at least indirectly) that poor decision-making in PG may not be linked to impairments in the prefrontal cortex, since prior studies have linked prefrontal cortex damage to increased scores in the recency parameter (e.g., Koritzky et al, 2013). There was also no significant difference between PG and their controls on the choice consistency parameter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…This assumption is in line with brain-imaging studies showing that, as compared with non-gamblers, disadvantageous deck selection during the IGT is associated with enhanced activation within PGs’ brain-reward systems, such as the striatum and the mesolimbic dopamine system (Linnet et al, 2010, 2011a; 2011b; Power et al, 2012). One direction for future studies would be to examine brain-correlates of monetary gain sensitivity, estimated with the EV model (for an example of integrating EV model’s parameters with fMRI data analyses, see Koritzky et al, 2013). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive processes underlying impaired decision-making under uncertainty in gambling disorder

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Koritzky

Bechara

et al. 2014

Addictive Behaviors

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Objective Pathological gamblers display at the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) a strong preference for choices featuring high immediate rewards, but higher unpredictable and more delayed losses. The present study aimed, by applying the Expectancy-Valence (EV) model to the IGT, at identifying impaired components of decision-making under uncertainty in pathological gamblers. Methods Twenty pathological gamblers and 20 non-gamblers performed the IGT. The EV model breaks down IGT performance into three cognitive processes: (i) the subjective weight that the individual assigns to gains versus losses (gain/loss parameter), (ii) the degree of prominence given to recently-obtained information, compared to past experience (recency parameter), and (iii) the consistency between learning and responding (consistency parameter). Results Pathological gamblers obtained higher scores on the gain/loss parameter as compared to controls, indicating higher sensitivity to monetary gains. This measure was also correlated with the degree of gambling dependence severity. No between-group difference was observed in the recency and the consistency parameters. Conclusion These findings suggest that pathological gamblers’ strong preference for choices featuring high rewards but higher losses during the IGT is due to a hypersensitivity for large monetary gains, which might reflect a hypersensitivity in their reward systems. In contrast, we found in pathological gamblers no evidence of inability to integrate information across time, a function that has been shown previously to be linked to damage in the prefrontal cortex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive processes underlying impaired decision-making under uncertainty in gambling disorder

Brevers

Koritzky

Bechara

et al. 2014

Addictive Behaviors

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“…Subjects were asked to select one card at a time (100 trials in total) from one of the four decks (labeled A, B, C, and D). As described in previous studies (Bechara et al 2000b; He et al 2010; He et al 2012; Koritzky et al 2013) and the IGT manual (PAR, Inc.), two of the decks were disadvantageous because they yielded high immediate gain but a greater loss in the long run (i.e., net loss of 250 yuan on average over 10 cards), and two decks were advantageous because they yielded lower immediate gain but a smaller loss in the long run (i.e., net gain of 250 yuan on average over 10 cards). The IGT score [calculated by subtracting the total number of selections of the disadvantageous decks (A and B) from the total number of selections of the advantageous decks (C and D)] for the first 40 and last 60 trials were calculated to represent performance in decision under ambiguity and decision under risk respectively (Bechara et al 1997).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Gray and white matter structures in the midcingulate cortex region contribute to body mass index in Chinese young adults

Chen

Dong

et al. 2013

Brain Struct Funct

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Overweight and obesity are rapidly becoming a central public health challenge around the world. Previous studies have suggested that elevated Body Mass Index (BMI) might be associated with structural changes in both gray and white matter, but this association is still not well understood. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between BMI and brain structure with a relatively large sample of young adults (N = 336) in a small age range (20 ± 1 years). VBM results showed significant negative correlations between BMI and Gray Matter Volumes (GMV) in the MCC, left OFC, and left VMPFC. There was also a significant negative correlation between BMI and white matter integrity as indexed by fractional anisotropy (FA) in bilateral cingulum. Further tractography analysis showed a significant negative correlation between BMI and the number of fibers passing the MCC region. Regression analysis showed that gray matter and white matter in these regions both contributed to the variance of BMI. These results remained significant even when analysis was restricted to the subjects with normal-weights. Finally, we found that decision making ability (as assessed by the Iowa Gambling Task) mediated the association between the structure of the MCC (a region responsible for impulse control and decision making) and BMI. These results shed light on the structural neural basis of weight variations.

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“…Goldberg et al proposed that the left SFG is involved in allowing the individual to reflect upon sensory experiences, to judge their possible significance to the self, and to allow the individual to report about the occurrence of his sensory experience to the outside world (Goldberg et al, 2006). Others implicated the frontal pole area (Broadmann 10) in insight into one's future and the planning of future actions (McClure et al, 2004a; Fellows and Farah, 2005; D'Argembeau et al, 2008; Koritzky et al, 2013). These studies are quite consistent with our early conceptualization on the role of these regions in what we called a “reflective” system in the context of other rewards, namely drugs (e.g., Bechara, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details of these instructions have been published previously (Bechara et al, 2000). We used an event-related design of the IGT which was described in a recent paper (Koritzky et al, 2013). Each trial of the IGT includes two phases: a decision phase and a feedback phase.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered dynamics between neural systems sub-serving decisions for unhealthy food

Lin

Xue

et al. 2014

Front. Neurosci.

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Using BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques, we examined the relationships between activities in the neural systems elicited by the decision stage of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and food choices of either vegetables or snacks high in fat and sugar. Twenty-three healthy normal weight adolescents and young adults, ranging in age from 14 to 21, were studied. Neural systems implicated in decision-making and inhibitory control were engaged by having participants perform the IGT during fMRI scanning. The Youth/Adolescent Questionnaire, a food frequency questionnaire, was used to obtain daily food choices. Higher consumption of vegetables correlated with higher activity in prefrontal cortical regions, namely the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and lower activity in sub-cortical regions, namely the right insular cortex. In contrast, higher consumption of fatty and sugary snacks correlated with lower activity in the prefrontal regions, combined with higher activity in the sub-cortical, insular cortex. These results provide preliminary support for our hypotheses that unhealthy food choices in real life are reflected by neuronal changes in key neural systems involved in habits, decision-making and self-control processes. These findings have implications for the creation of decision-making based intervention strategies that promote healthier eating.

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Processing of time within the prefrontal cortex: Recent time engages posterior areas whereas distant time engages anterior areas

Cited by 21 publications

References 54 publications

Cognitive processes underlying impaired decision-making under uncertainty in gambling disorder

Cognitive processes underlying impaired decision-making under uncertainty in gambling disorder

Gray and white matter structures in the midcingulate cortex region contribute to body mass index in Chinese young adults

Altered dynamics between neural systems sub-serving decisions for unhealthy food

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