Processing spatial–temporal information in recent-onset schizophrenia: The study of short-term memory and its susceptibility to distraction

Cellard, Caroline; Tremblay, Sébastien; Lehoux, Catherine; Roy, Marc‐André

doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2007.03.001

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Top-down processing, or task-engagement, is known to reduce the distraction produced by a deviant (Hughes et al, 2013;Sörqvist & Marsh, 2015). Moreover, that we have established increased distractibility in a cross-modal distraction task among high schizotypes rules out the alternative suggestion that the increased distractibility that has been previously demonstrated among this population (e.g., Cellard et al, 2007;Oltmanns, 1978) is associated with within-modality attentional shifts of attention.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 40%

Increased Distractibility in Schizotypy: Independent of Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity?

Marsh

Vachon

Sörqvist

2017

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Individuals with schizophrenia typically show increased levels of distractibility. This has been attributed to impaired working memory capacity (WMC), since lower WMC is typically associated with higher distractibility and schizophrenia is typically associated with impoverished WMC. Here, participants performed verbal and spatial serial recall tasks that were accompanied by to-be-ignored speech tokens. For the few trials wherein one speech token was replaced with a different token, impairment was produced to task scores (a deviation effect). Participants subsequently completed a schizotypy questionnaire and a WMC measure. Higher schizotypy scores were associated with lower WMC (as measured with operation span [OSPAN]), but WMC and schizotypy scores explained unique variance in relation to the mean magnitude of the deviation effect. These results suggest that schizotypy is associated with heightened domain-general distractibility, but that this is independent of its relationship with WMC.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 40%

Increased Distractibility in Schizotypy: Independent of Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity?

Marsh

Vachon

Sörqvist

2017

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…Whilst no doubt counterintuitive, degrading visual stimuli may have value as a practical intervention for individuals with poor attentional control such as those with cognitive deficits characterising schizophrenia (Cellard, Tremblay, Lehoux, & Roy, 2007), normal ageing (e.g., Hasher & Zacks, 1988), dementia of the Azheimer's type (Levinoff, Li, Murtha, & Cherktow, 2004) and attentional deficit hyperactivity disorder (Pelletier, Hodgetts, Lafluer, Vincent, & Tremblay, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic cognitive control of irrelevant sound: Increased task engagement attenuates semantic auditory distraction.

Marsh

Sörqvist

Hughes

2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Two experiments investigated reactive top-down cognitive control of the detrimental influence of spoken distractors semantically related to words presented visually for free recall. Experiment 1 demonstrated that an increase in focal-task engagement—promoted experimentally by reducing the perceptual discriminability of the visual target words—eliminated the disruption by such distractors of veridical recall and also attenuated the erroneous recall of the distractors. A recall instruction that eliminates the requirement for output monitoring was used in Experiment 2 to investigate whether increased task engagement shields against distraction through a change in output-monitoring processes (back-end control) or by affecting the processing of the distractors during their presentation (front-end control). Rates of erroneous distractor recall were much greater than in Experiment 1, but both erroneous distractor recall and the disruptive effect of distractors on veridical recall were still attenuated under reduced target-word discriminability. Taken together, the results show that task engagement is under dynamic strategic control and can be modulated to shield against auditory distraction by attenuating distractor processing at encoding, thereby preventing distractors from coming to mind at test.

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“…However, although similar impairments might be related to the sense of a unified, coherent self over time [23], such temporal aspects of self-processing have received little empirical attention in schizophrenia. Specifically, while several studies investigated temporal processing in the seconds or minutes range [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], almost no attention was paid to longer time periods. However, disturbances of time consciousness in schizophrenia are not restricted to short time scales, but appear to also involve binding together experiences from one's personal history over a time scale of years [52], often referred to as ‘autonoetic awareness’ [8], [52], [53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizotypal Perceptual Aberrations of Time: Correlation between Score, Behavior and Brain Activity

et al. 2011

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A fundamental trait of the human self is its continuum experience of space and time. Perceptual aberrations of this spatial and temporal continuity is a major characteristic of schizophrenia spectrum disturbances – including schizophrenia, schizotypal personality disorder and schizotypy. We have previously found the classical Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS) scores, related to body and space, to be positively correlated with both behavior and temporo-parietal activation in healthy participants performing a task involving self-projection in space. However, not much is known about the relationship between temporal perceptual aberration, behavior and brain activity. To this aim, we composed a temporal Perceptual Aberration Scale (tPAS) similar to the traditional PAS. Testing on 170 participants suggested similar performance for PAS and tPAS. We then correlated tPAS and PAS scores to participants' performance and neural activity in a task of self-projection in time. tPAS scores correlated positively with reaction times across task conditions, as did PAS scores. Evoked potential mapping and electrical neuroimaging showed self-projection in time to recruit a network of brain regions at the left anterior temporal cortex, right temporo-parietal junction, and occipito-temporal cortex, and duration of activation in this network positively correlated with tPAS and PAS scores. These data demonstrate that schizotypal perceptual aberrations of both time and space, as reflected by tPAS and PAS scores, are positively correlated with performance and brain activation during self-projection in time in healthy individuals along the schizophrenia spectrum.

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Processing spatial–temporal information in recent-onset schizophrenia: The study of short-term memory and its susceptibility to distraction

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

Increased Distractibility in Schizotypy: Independent of Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity?

Increased Distractibility in Schizotypy: Independent of Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity?

Dynamic cognitive control of irrelevant sound: Increased task engagement attenuates semantic auditory distraction.

Schizotypal Perceptual Aberrations of Time: Correlation between Score, Behavior and Brain Activity

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