Schizotypal Perceptual Aberrations of Time: Correlation between Score, Behavior and Brain Activity

Arzy, Shahar; Möhr, Christine; Molnar-Szakacs, Istvan; Blanke, Olaf

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016154

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…As expected, individuals with schizophrenia had on average larger temporal binding windows and required larger temporal differences before they could reliably detect an asynchrony between a visual and tactile stimulus. This is consistent with well-documented perceptual changes in the temporal domain in schizophrenia (Arzy, Mohr, Molnar-Szakacs, & Blanke, 2011;Foucher et al, 2007;Stevenson et al, 2017). It is important to note that, although the group level effects are robust, the data plots show that not all individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia have increased asynchrony detection thresholds compared to the control group mean.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Meehl (1990), in his theory of schizophrenia and schizotypy, suggests that spatial-kinesthetic-vestibular system aberrations could account for bodily aberrations. Interestingly, previous neurophysiology research using electroencephalography (EEG) recordings found that bodily perceptual aberration (in participants without a schizophrenia diagnosis) was positively correlated with the duration but not the strength of activation of temporal-parietal cortex during a body transformation task (Arzy, Mohr, Michel, & Blanke, 2007;Arzy et al, 2011). This change in duration of neural activity suggests that temporal processing changes also influence the integration of visual, somatosensory with vestibular inputs and provides further indirect evidence for the role of temporal processing for aberrant spatial body perception.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Perception of visual-tactile asynchrony, bodily perceptual aberrations, and bodily illusions in schizophrenia

Zopf

Boulton

Langdon

et al. 2021

Schizophrenia Research

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Body perception can be dramatically altered in individuals with schizophrenia resulting in experiences of undefined bodily boundaries, loss of body ownership, and size changes for parts of the body. These individuals may also be more susceptible to the rubber hand illusion (RHI: an illusion of body perception that can also be induced in neurotypical populations), but the findings are mixed. Furthermore, the perception of timing information about multisensory stimuli, which is thought to be fundamental for body perception, has been reported to be altered in schizophrenia. We tested here whether altered perception of the temporal relationship between visual and tactile signals in schizophrenia can predict selfreported perceptual aberrations and RHI susceptibility (indexed by both illusion self-ratings and a more objective proprioceptive-drift measure). We found that the sensitivity to detect temporal asynchronies is reduced in schizophrenia and this predicts bodily perceptual symptoms. In contrast, we found no evidence for a direct relationship between asynchrony detection sensitivity and RHI susceptibility. Instead, our findings suggest that experiencing more bodily perceptual symptoms increases the likelihood of endorsing unusual bodily experiences, resulting in higher RHI self-ratings but not higher proprioceptive-drift scores. Overall, our findings provide evidence for both direct and indirect links between temporal and body perception and thus new insight into the mechanisms that may underlie unusual body perceptions in schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Perception of visual-tactile asynchrony, bodily perceptual aberrations, and bodily illusions in schizophrenia

Zopf

Boulton

Langdon

et al. 2021

Schizophrenia Research

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“…Susceptibility was assessed with the 20-item time Perceptual Aberration Scale (tPAS) and identified no individuals scoring within the top 10% of the scale. Past research found a strong correlation between the tPAS and the Perceptual Aberration Scale (i.e., measuring vulnerability to schizophrenia spectrum disorders), and between high tPAS scores and right angular gyrus (AG) dysfunction 38 . See Table S1 for a full list of exclusion criteria.…”

Section: Participants Thirty-six Naive Right-handed Adults With Normmentioning

confidence: 99%

A causal role for the right angular gyrus in self-location mediated perspective taking

Boer

Johnston

Kerr

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Recent theories suggest that self-consciousness, in its most elementary form, is functionally disconnected from the phenomenal body. Patients with psychosis frequently misattribute their thoughts and actions to external sources; and in certain out-of-body experiences, lucid states, and dreams body-ownership is absent but self-identification is preserved. To explain these unusual experiences, we hypothesized that self-identification depends on inferring self-location at the right angular gyrus (i.e., perspective-taking). This process relates to the discrimination of self-produced signals (endogenous attention) from environmental stimulation (exogenous attention). Therefore, when this mechanism fails, this causes altered sensations and perceptions. We combined a Full-body Illusion paradigm with brain stimulation (HD-tDCS) and found a clear causal association between right angular gyrus activation and alterations in self-location (perspective-taking). Anodal versus sham HD-tDCS resulted in: a more profound out-of-body shift (with reduced sense of agency); and a weakened ability to discriminate self from other perspectives. We conclude that self-identification is mediated in the brain by inferring self-location (i.e., perspective-taking). Self-identification can be decoupled from the bodily self, explaining phenomena associated with disembodiment. These findings present novel insights into the relationship between mind and body, and may offer important future directions for treating psychosis symptoms and rehabilitation programs to aid in the recovery from a nervous system injury. The brain’s ability to locate itself might be the key mechanism for self-identification and distinguishing self from other signals (i.e., perspective-taking).

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“…Finally, hyperactivity, as defined here, is based on prolonged duration of the corresponding topographical EEG map. Map-duration was found previously to characterize pathological neuropsychiatric states [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…These epochs were subjected to topographic analysis in the frequency domain using Fast-Fourier-Transform (FFT) applied on conventional frequency bands of delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), low beta (13-18 Hz), medium beta (18-24 Hz), high-beta (24-30 Hz) lowgamma (30-40 Hz) mid-gamma (40-55 Hz) and high-gamma (55-70 Hz). After applying the bandpass filter to the different frequency bands, the analyzed multichannel data were transformed into topographic maps, also termed "microstates" [19,20]. For each frequency band, 10 different microstates were found across the two phases using a k-means clustering approach [21].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“God has sent me to you”: Right temporal epilepsy, left prefrontal psychosis

Arzy¹,

Schurr²

2016

Epilepsy & Behavior

Self Cite

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Religious experiences have long been documented in patients with epilepsy, though their exact underlying neural mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we had the rare opportunity to record a delusional religious conversion in real time in a patient with right temporal lobe epilepsy undergoing continuous video-EEG. In this patient, a messianic revelation experience occurred several hours after a complex partial seizure of temporal origin, compatible with postictal psychosis (PIP). We analyzed the recorded resting-state EEG epochs separately for each of the conventional frequency bands. Topographical analysis of the bandpass filtered EEG epochs revealed increased activity in the low-gamma range (30-40Hz) during religious conversion compared with activity during the patient's habitual state. The brain generator underlying this activity was localized to the left prefrontal cortex. This suggests that religious conversion in PIP is related to control mechanisms in the prefrontal lobe-related processes rather than medial temporal lobe-related processes.

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Schizotypal Perceptual Aberrations of Time: Correlation between Score, Behavior and Brain Activity

Cited by 12 publications

References 82 publications

Perception of visual-tactile asynchrony, bodily perceptual aberrations, and bodily illusions in schizophrenia

Perception of visual-tactile asynchrony, bodily perceptual aberrations, and bodily illusions in schizophrenia

A causal role for the right angular gyrus in self-location mediated perspective taking

“God has sent me to you”: Right temporal epilepsy, left prefrontal psychosis

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