Processing speed and attention training modifies autonomic flexibility: A mechanistic intervention study

Lin, Feng; Ye, Tao; Chen, Quanjing; Anthony, Mia; Zhang, Zhengwu; Tadin, Duje; Heffner, Kathi L.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116730

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…88 In another study, 4 weeks of biweekly spaced "retrieval training" led to modest improvements in memory recall among adults with mild cognitive impairment, 89 while a 6-week computerized vision-based speed-of-processing training yielded improvements in processing speed, attention, and working memory among older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment relative to an active control. 90,91 Speed-of-processing training in particular may support driving abilities and lower dementia risk. [92][93][94][95][96] Relatedly, emerging research has suggested the potential value of "gamified" cognitive training, which has improved episodic memory and motivation among adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.…”

Section: Effects Of Cognitive Training On Cognition In Mild Cognitive Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…112 In small pilot studies in amnestic mild cognitive impairment, computerized multidomain cognitive training has also been associated with increased gray matter volume, in right angular gyrus and parietal regions at post-training, 113 while vision-based speedof-processing training has been associated with enhanced resting-state connectivity within the central executive, frontal parietal, and salience networks, the latter of which may be associated with improved regulation of the autonomic nervous system. 90,91 Finally, preliminary findings from rsfMRI studies suggest that multidomain cognitive training may be associated with increases in activation and gray matter volume in frontal and temporal regions in amnestic mild cognitive impairment, which may improve aspects of memory and executive function 98 (Table 2 72,86-91,105 ). Moving forward, there remains need for high-quality research to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of mindfulness and cognitive training on cognition and mood in mild cognitive impairment.…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Of Cognitive Training In Mild Cognitive Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mindfulness and Cognitive Training Interventions in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Impact on Cognition and Mood

Reynolds

Willment

Gale

2021

The American Journal of Medicine

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Section: Effects Of Cognitive Training On Cognition In Mild Cognitive Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Mechanisms Of Cognitive Training In Mild Cognitive Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mindfulness and Cognitive Training Interventions in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Impact on Cognition and Mood

Reynolds

Willment

Gale

2021

The American Journal of Medicine

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“…The studies of Junior Adalberto et al (2019) Fortunately, there are other reports which offer some more preliminary findings in older adults at risk for cognitive decline or dementia. The intervention studies of Lin et al (2017bLin et al ( , 2020 reported, that cognitive training strengthened the efficiency of the striatum-prefrontal connectivity, and that there was a "consistent link between HF-HRV and traininginduced improvements" (Lin et al, 2017b) showing that "changes in task-related HF-HRV but not resting HF-HRV were also related to the cognitive and neural changes in response to intervention" (Lin et al, 2017b(Lin et al, , 2020. This may be viable in the observation of neurobiological effects of training interventions aiming to improve cognition in populations at risk for cognitive decline, since "strengthening pathways regulating PNS may be efficacious for maintaining functional health in later life" (Lin et al, 2017a).…”

Section: Phasic Hrv Responses As a Biomarker To Guide Training Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Reactivity of Heart Rate Variability Be a Potential Biomarker and Monitoring Tool to Promote Healthy Aging? A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses

et al. 2021

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Background: Monitoring phasic responses of heart rate variability (HRV) in terms of HRV reactivity [i. e., the absolute change from resting state to on-task (i.e., absolute values of HRV measured during exercise)] might provide useful insights into the individual psychophysiological responses of healthy middle-aged to older adults (HOA) to cognitive and physical exercises.Objectives: To summarize the evidence of phasic HRV responses to cognitive and physical exercises, and to evaluate key moderating factors influencing these responses.Methods: A systematic review with meta-analyses was performed. Publications up to May 2020 of the databases Medline (EBSCO), Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Psycinfo, Web of Science, Scopus, and Pedro were considered. Controlled clinical trials and observational studies measuring phasic HRV responses to cognitive and/or physical exercises in HOA (≥50 years) were included.Results: The initial search identified 6,828 articles, of which 43 were included into the systematic review. Compared to resting state, vagally-mediated HRV indices were significantly reduced during all types of exercises [Hedge's g = −0.608, 95 % CI (−0.999 to −0.218), p = 0.002] indicating a significant parasympathetic withdrawal compared to rest. The key moderating variables of these responses identified included exercise intensity for physical exercises, and participant characteristics (i.e., level of cognitive functioning, physical fitness), task demands (i.e., task complexity and modality) and the individual responses to these cognitive challenges for cognitive exercises. In particular, higher task demands (task complexity and physical exercise intensity) were related to larger HRV reactivities. Better physical fitness and cognition were associated with lower HRV reactivities. Additionally, HRV reactivity appeared to be sensitive to training-induced cognitive and neural changes.Conclusion: HRV reactivity seems to be a promising biomarker for monitoring internal training load and evaluating neurobiological effects of training interventions. Further research is warranted to evaluate the potential of HRV reactivity as a monitoring parameter to guide cognitive-motor training interventions and/or as a biomarker for cognitive impairment. This may facilitate the early detection of cognitive impairment as well as allow individualized training adaptations that, in turn, support the healthy aging process by optimizing individual exercise dose and progression of cognitive-motor training.

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“…The autonomic nervous system as a neurophysiological substrate of adaptive modulation of behavior under changing environmental conditions is known to have a vital role in the performance of cognitively demanding, and prolonged tasks (e.g. [ 4 , 5 ]). From this perspective, it is understandable why several previous studies have explored the association between mental fatigue and Heart Rate Variability (HRV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced cardiac vagal tone in mental fatigue: Analysis of heart rate variability in Time-on-Task, recovery, and reactivity

et al. 2021

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Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has been suggested as a useful tool to assess fatigue-sensitive psychological operations. The present study uses a between and within-subject design with a cognitively demanding task and a documentary viewing condition, to examine the temporal profile of HRV during reactivity, Time-on-Task (ToT), and recovery. In the cognitive task group, participants worked on a bimodal 2-back task with a game-like character (the Gatekeeper task) for about 1.5 hours, followed by a 12-minute break, and a post-break block of performance (about 18 min). In the other group, participants watched documentaries. We hypothesized an increasing vagal-mediated HRV as a function of Time spent on the Gatekeeper task and no HRV change in the documentary viewing group. We also analyzed the trial-based post-response cardiac activity as a physiological associate of task-related motivation. Relative to the documentary-viewing, ToT was associated with an elevated level of subjective fatigue, decreased heart rate, and increased HRV, particularly in the vagal-mediated components. Based on fatigued participants’ post-error cardiac slowing, and post-error reaction time analyses, we found no evidence for motivation deficits. The present findings suggest that the parasympathetic branch of the autonomous nervous system functioning as a relaxation system tends to be activated under increasing mental fatigue. In addition, the study shows that many HRV indices also seem to change when individuals are engaged in a prolonged, less fatiguing activity (e.g. documentary viewing). This finding emphasizes the relevance of comparisons/control conditions in ToT experiments.

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Processing speed and attention training modifies autonomic flexibility: A mechanistic intervention study

Cited by 29 publications

References 51 publications

Mindfulness and Cognitive Training Interventions in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Impact on Cognition and Mood

Mindfulness and Cognitive Training Interventions in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Impact on Cognition and Mood

Can Reactivity of Heart Rate Variability Be a Potential Biomarker and Monitoring Tool to Promote Healthy Aging? A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses

Enhanced cardiac vagal tone in mental fatigue: Analysis of heart rate variability in Time-on-Task, recovery, and reactivity

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