Processus catalytiques dans un réacteur à plasma hors d'équilibre I. Fixation de l'azote dans le système N2-CH4

Rapakoulias, D.; Amouroux, J.

doi:10.1051/rphysap:019800015070125100

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…They also observed that the cyanide yield was higher when using liquid hydrocarbons as a feed stock in comparison to natural gas, but this higher yield was accompanied by more solid carbon. Cyanide production in a plasma system analyzed using Gibbs-free-energy minimization was also reported by Rapakoulias and Amouroux, consistent with the results of others described above. They proposed that the ideal N/C ratio for maximizing cyanide yield is approximately 4:1.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…and their feed composition. While exhaustive thermodynamic calculations for various N/C/H have been published in the past, for example, refs, ,, they were mostly focused on maximizing the conversion and product gas concentration. This article is focused on the energy economics of the cyanide production by the plasma process by utilizing the theoretical yields to determine the specific energy consumption (SEC), the main factor dictating process economics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of Cyanide Using Thermal Plasma: Thermodynamic Analysis and Process-Specific Energy Consumption

Henderson

Shukla

Rudolph

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A plasma process for making cyanide from nitrogen and hydrocarbon (methane and propane) has been successfully demonstrated, which can directly fix atmospheric nitrogen into hydrocarbons. Nitrogen serves as both the plasma gas and the primary reactant. The thermodynamic analysis as well as the experimental outcome indicates that it is feasible to achieve very high conversion of hydrocarbons into cyanide by increasing the partial pressure of nitrogen gas within the reaction mixture, but the high conversion comes at a cost of an increase in total energy consumption and was detrimental to process energy efficiency. Hence, the process was optimized based on specific energy consumption (SEC) instead of conversion. The conversion with respect to nitrogen and hydrocarbon ratio follows thermodynamic prediction. The primary byproducts obtained were hydrogen, acetylene, and soot. The laboratory system was stable and could be run for extended periods, achieving a minimal SEC of approximately 15.5 kW h/kg NaCN.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Cyanide Using Thermal Plasma: Thermodynamic Analysis and Process-Specific Energy Consumption

Henderson

Shukla

Rudolph

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…-T. 17, N° 2, FÉVRIER 1982 établies par Polanyi [17] dans le cas de systèmes simples, où seulement deux modes d'excitation interne (vibration et rotation) sont activés. Nous avons cherché à étendre ces règles aux réactions dans les plasmas basse pression, qui sont des milieux plus complexes [1,4]. Notre conclusion est que l'extension aux plasmas des règles de Polanyi est possible sous deux conditions : premièrement, de tenir compte aussi de l'excitation électronique des molécules, dont la grande réactivité provient de leur symétrie spatiale différente de celle du fondamental.…”

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“…Nous allons dans cet article confirmer l'étude expérimentale de la relation entre l'effet catalytique et l'excitation interne du plasma, commencée par l'étude de la synthèse de NO [2] et de HCN [4]. Nous pourrons ainsi conclure dans quelle mesure les hypothèses de Wolken peuvent être appliquées aux réactions catalytiques hétérogènes en phase plasma.…”

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Processus catalytiques dans les réacteurs à plasma hors d'équilibre. III. Décomposition de NH3

Rapakoulias

Amouroux

Bergougnan

et al. 1982

Rev. Phys. Appl. (Paris)

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2014 Nous avons tout d'abord établi l'existence de phénomènes catalytiques dus à l'introduction d'une plaque métallique (W, Mo) dans un plasma à pression réduite. Nous avons ensuite mis en évidence l'existence d'une couche limite, au voisinage du catalyseur, dans laquelle la répartition énergétique est différente de celle du gros du plasma. La comparaison de ces résultats expérimentaux avec les calculs théoriques effectués par Wolken, a permis de dégager le rôle des différentes étapes de la chimisorption. Lors de la recombinaison-désorption il y a apparition d'une énergie excédentaire qui peut se répartir entre le gaz et le solide.Ce transfert d'énergie est la cause d'un mécanisme rétroactif de la chimisorption et de l'échauffement du métal.

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Methane Conversion in the Flowing Afterglow of a Dinitrogen Microwave Plasma: Initiation of the Reaction

Legrand

Diamy

Hrach

et al. 1997

Contrib. Plasma Phys.

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The reaction of methane in the nitrogen afterglow is studied by combination of direct measurements and computer experiment. Theexperimental data were obtained by optical emission spectroscopy of the discharge, by gas chromatography of resulting stable products and by probe diagnostics of charged species in afterglow plasma. The simulation was based on a macroscopic kinetic approach covering 24 species and 61 reactions with input data given by the afterglow experiment. In the present stage of the modelling the initiation of methane conversion was studied. It was found that, contrary to active discharge, in the afterglow plasma the active neutral species (mainly excited dinitrogen molecules) are most important for the dissociation of methane into CH, and H radicals.

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Processus catalytiques dans un réacteur à plasma hors d'équilibre I. Fixation de l'azote dans le système N2-CH4

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Production of Cyanide Using Thermal Plasma: Thermodynamic Analysis and Process-Specific Energy Consumption

Production of Cyanide Using Thermal Plasma: Thermodynamic Analysis and Process-Specific Energy Consumption

Processus catalytiques dans les réacteurs à plasma hors d'équilibre. III. Décomposition de NH3

Methane Conversion in the Flowing Afterglow of a Dinitrogen Microwave Plasma: Initiation of the Reaction

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