“…The LCA method was introduced to the construction industry in 1970s [14,82] in both structural engineering and project management. In the past 30 years, it has developed another main stream of assessment theory in the building and construction industry [3,6,7,15,16,17,20,21,23,32,34,35,36,[44][45][46]49,50,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57]61,62,63,[66][67][68][69]77,78,83,[90][91][92][93][94][95][96]98,105]. For implementing the concept of LCA in project management, one essential is to benchmark construction processes; significant research and development progress have been achieved already.…”