Producción y calidad nutrimental de forrajes en condiciones del Trópico Húmedo de México

Abstract

ResumenCon el objetivo de determinar la calidad nutrimental de los forrajes en un sistema de producción de bovinos doble propósito en el sureste de México, se tomaron muestras de forrajes utilizando jaulas de exclusión y del forraje disponible en la pradera mediante Hand Plucking para determinar: contenido de proteína cruda (PC), fibra detergente neutro (FDN), fibra detergente ácido (FDA) y los minerales cobre (Cu), hierro (Fe), cinc (Zn), calcio (Ca), magnesio (Mg), sodio (Na), potasio (K) y fósforo (P) en cinco ranchos ganaderos del trópico húmedo de Chiapas, a través del año. El análisis de los datos consideró los efectos fijos de rancho, mes del año, época del año, especie forrajera y técnica de muestreo utilizada. Hubo diferencias (p< 0.05) entre ranchos y épocas del año en el contenido PC, FDN, FDA y entre ranchos en el contenido de minerales; hubo diferencias (p< 0.05) entre los meses del año y entre especies forrajeras en el contenido de FDN y FDA, y diferencias (p< 0.05) en los contenidos de PC, FDN, FDA, Cu, Zn, Mg, Na y K entre las técnicas de muestreo utilizadas. Se concluye que la calidad nutrimental de los forrajes, es afectada por la época del año, siendo la época de lluvias y nortes donde se da el mayor contenido de AbstractIn aim to determine the nutritional quality of forages in a production system of dual purpose bovines in southeastern Mexico, forage samples were taken using exclusion cages and forage available in the meadow by Hand Plucking to determine: content crude protein (PC), neutral detergent fiber (FDN), acid detergent fiber (FDA) and the minerals copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na ), potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) in five cattle ranches in the humid tropics of Chiapas, throughout the year. The data analysis considered the fixed effects ranch month of the year, time of year, forage species and sampling technique used. There were differences (p< 0.05) between seasons ranches and content PC, FDN, FDA and between ranches in mineral content; there were differences (p< 0.05) between the months of the year and between forage species in the content of FDN and FDA, and differences (p< 0.05) in the contents of PC, FDN, FDA, Cu, Zn, Mg, Na and K between sampling techniques used. It is concluded that the nutritional quality of forages is affected by the season, being the rainy season and norths where there is the greatest FDN, but with lower contents of PC and FDA. The 100, 28 and 72% of samples of fodder had values below the minimum 2016 FDN, pero con menores contenidos de PC y FDA. El 100, 28 y 72% de las muestras de forrajes tuvieron valores por abajo del nivel mínimo de Cu, Zn y P, respectivamente. Los forrajes colectados en las jaulas de exclusión tuvieron 6, 10, 23, 11 y 53% más PC, FDA, Cu, Zn y Na, respectivamente, que los forrajes disponibles en la pradera.Juan Carlos Muñoz-González et al. 3316 Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc. Pub. Esp. Núm. 16 16 de mayo -29 de junio,Palabras clave: bovinos, doble propósito, épocas del año, tasa de crecimiento. Int...

Yield and quality of Guinea grass cv. Mombasa according to plant spacing and season of the year

“…Typically, when increasing the biomass and the DM, the CP tends to decrease from the effect of dilution of the plant's nitrogen (Patiño et al, 2018), fact that results from the effect of maturity (Van Soest, 1994). However, the lowest content (p0.05) of CP observed in the cool and rainy seasons, in comparison to the dry season (Table 1), is explained by the higher accumulation of biomass that occurs in these two seasons promoted by higher rainfall, fact that causes greater dilution of the nitrogen (Muñoz-González et al, 2016). In this regard, Muñoz-González et al (2016) evaluated three fodder grasses in three seasons of the year in the southeast of Mexico, and they observed that the CP was higher in the dry season (13.9%), intermediate in the cool season (10.8%) and lower in the rainy season (9.3%), behavior similar to the one obtained in this study.…”

“…However, factors such as the season of the year and the population density of plants affect the yield and nutritional quality of the grasses (Freitas et al, 2012;Pereira et al, 2012). In a study it was observed that the Guinea grass presented better chemical composition in the early rainfall season, followed by the winter season, and the worst chemical composition in the dry and late rainfall season ( Juárez et al, 2009); for their part, Muñoz-González et al (2016) reported that the chemical composition was better in the dry season. Although the density of plants has an effect on the biomass production of Guinea grass (Freitas et al, 2012;Pereira et al, 2012), there is no evidence of its effect on the quality of the fodder (Freitas et al, 2012).…”

Cattle welfare aspects of production systems in the tropics

“…The most common pasture-based production system depends on monoculture of grass species, which is the main or only food provided to the cattle (Quero et al 2015), sometimes combining grass with legumes. These systems can have native or improved pastures, whose nutritional quality will mostly depend on the season and the grass and legume species present (Kubkomawa et al 2015;Mu ñoz-González et al 2016). The use of improved pastures has an added advantage in that, with the introduction of exotic species, the quantity and quality of the fodder available for the animals has also improved.…”

“…However, the use of fire at the end of the dry season is still common in the tropics and evidence has suggested that this practice increases the quality of native grasslands (Mapiye et al 2008;Flores Ancira et al 2016). It has also been suggested that in the rainy season in the humid tropics, there is a lower nutrient density in the grass, and Mu ñoz- González et al (2016) claimed this can be due to a higher proportion of water and stem material in the forage. However, Silva et al (2009) found that as swards reach 95% light interception, the quality of tropical C4 grasses decreases because the structure of the sward changes with less leaf material in proportion to stem and dead material.…”

Similarities and Differences between River Buffaloes and Cattle: Health, Physiological, Behavioral and Productivity Aspects

“…In fact, this species has been defined as seasonally polyestrous, with more evident manifestations of estrous in the autumn [16], the season with greater forage availability in tropical areas [50]. See Figure 2 [51].…”