ResumenCon el objetivo de determinar la calidad nutrimental de los forrajes en un sistema de producción de bovinos doble propósito en el sureste de México, se tomaron muestras de forrajes utilizando jaulas de exclusión y del forraje disponible en la pradera mediante Hand Plucking para determinar: contenido de proteína cruda (PC), fibra detergente neutro (FDN), fibra detergente ácido (FDA) y los minerales cobre (Cu), hierro (Fe), cinc (Zn), calcio (Ca), magnesio (Mg), sodio (Na), potasio (K) y fósforo (P) en cinco ranchos ganaderos del trópico húmedo de Chiapas, a través del año. El análisis de los datos consideró los efectos fijos de rancho, mes del año, época del año, especie forrajera y técnica de muestreo utilizada. Hubo diferencias (p< 0.05) entre ranchos y épocas del año en el contenido PC, FDN, FDA y entre ranchos en el contenido de minerales; hubo diferencias (p< 0.05) entre los meses del año y entre especies forrajeras en el contenido de FDN y FDA, y diferencias (p< 0.05) en los contenidos de PC, FDN, FDA, Cu, Zn, Mg, Na y K entre las técnicas de muestreo utilizadas. Se concluye que la calidad nutrimental de los forrajes, es afectada por la época del año, siendo la época de lluvias y nortes donde se da el mayor contenido de AbstractIn aim to determine the nutritional quality of forages in a production system of dual purpose bovines in southeastern Mexico, forage samples were taken using exclusion cages and forage available in the meadow by Hand Plucking to determine: content crude protein (PC), neutral detergent fiber (FDN), acid detergent fiber (FDA) and the minerals copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na ), potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) in five cattle ranches in the humid tropics of Chiapas, throughout the year. The data analysis considered the fixed effects ranch month of the year, time of year, forage species and sampling technique used. There were differences (p< 0.05) between seasons ranches and content PC, FDN, FDA and between ranches in mineral content; there were differences (p< 0.05) between the months of the year and between forage species in the content of FDN and FDA, and differences (p< 0.05) in the contents of PC, FDN, FDA, Cu, Zn, Mg, Na and K between sampling techniques used. It is concluded that the nutritional quality of forages is affected by the season, being the rainy season and norths where there is the greatest FDN, but with lower contents of PC and FDA. The 100, 28 and 72% of samples of fodder had values below the minimum 2016 FDN, pero con menores contenidos de PC y FDA. El 100, 28 y 72% de las muestras de forrajes tuvieron valores por abajo del nivel mínimo de Cu, Zn y P, respectivamente. Los forrajes colectados en las jaulas de exclusión tuvieron 6, 10, 23, 11 y 53% más PC, FDA, Cu, Zn y Na, respectivamente, que los forrajes disponibles en la pradera.Juan Carlos Muñoz-González et al. 3316 Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc. Pub. Esp. Núm. 16 16 de mayo -29 de junio,Palabras clave: bovinos, doble propósito, épocas del año, tasa de crecimiento. Int...
The effect of six genotypes (Zebu = Z, European Brown Swiss = EBS, Holstein = H, Z × EBS, Zebu × American Brown Swiss = ABS, Z × ABS, Z × H) on carcass and meat characteristics of young bullocks finished under feedlot conditions was tested. The Z × ABS bullocks had the highest (P = 0.001) average daily gain. The highest (P = 0.017) final liveweight was observed with Z × ABS > EBS > H genotypes. The ribeye area was larger (P = 0.012) for EBS bullocks. Both H and EBS bullocks had lowest (P = 0.001) physiological maturity; although the H bullocks had higher (P = 0.006) pelvis and heart fat values. The best (P = 0.014) conformation was obtained with the Z × ABS and Z × EBS genotypes. The greatest amount of marbling (P = 0.001) was obtained with the H genotype. In general, the crossbred genotypes showed better feedlot performance and carcass characteristics, and it seems that Holstein breed could have a an advantage from the marbling score point of view.
This study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that mixed sequential grazing of dairy cows and breeding ewes is beneficial. During the seasons of spring-summer 2013 and autumn-winter 2013-2014, 12 (spring-summer) and 16 (autumn-winter) Holstein Friesian cows and 24 gestating (spring-summer) and lactating (autumn-winter) Pelibuey ewes grazed on six (spring-summer) and nine (autumn-winter) paddocks of alfalfa and orchard grass mixed pastures. The treatments "single species cow grazing" (CowG) and "mixed sequential grazing with ewes as followers of cows" (MixG) were evaluated, under a completely randomized design with two replicates per paddock. Herbage mass on offer (HO) and residual herbage mass (RH) were estimated by cutting samples. The estimate of herbage intake (HI) of cows was based on the use of internal and external markers; the apparent HI of ewes was calculated as the difference between HO (RH of cows) and RH. Even though HO was higher in CowG, the HI of cows was higher in MixG during spring-summer and similar in both treatments during autumn-winter, implying that in MixG the effects on the cows HI of higher alfalfa proportion and herbage accumulation rate evolving from lower residual herbage mass in the previous cycle counteracted that of a higher HO in CowG. The HI of ewes was sufficient to enable satisfactory performance as breeding ewes. Thus, the benefits of mixed sequential grazing arose from higher herbage accumulation, positive changes in botanical composition, and the achievement of sheep production without negative effects on the herbage intake of cows.
ResumenCon el objetivo de determinar la producción de materia seca (MS) de los forrajes en un sistema de producción de bovinos de doble propósito en el sureste de México, se utilizaron jaulas de exclusión para determinar: altura (ALT), tasa de crecimiento (TC), peso seco acumulado (PSA) y producción anual de materia seca (PAMS), en forrajes de cinco ranchos ganaderos del trópico húmedo de Chiapas, a través del año. El análisis de los datos consideró los efectos fijos de rancho, mes del año, época del año y especie forrajera. Hubo efectos (p≤ 0.001) de las interacciones rancho*mes del año, rancho*época del año y mes del año*especie forrajera en ALT, PSA y TC. Se concluye que la producción de forraje en el trópico húmedo mexicano es afectada por el mes y la época del año ya que los forrajes en los meses de la época de lluvias tuvieron 82 y 121% más altura que en la época de nortes y secas, respectivamente; asimismo, los forrajes en la época de lluvias tuvieron 30 y 115% más peso seco acumulado (PSA) y tasa de crecimiento (TC) que en la época de nortes y secas, respectivamente.Palabras clave: bovinos, doble propósito, épocas del año, tasa de crecimiento. AbstractWith the objective to determine the production of dry matter (MS) of fodder in a production system of dual purpose cattle in southeastern Mexico, exclusion cages were used to determine: height (ALT), growth rate (TC), accumulated dry weight (PSA) and annual production of dry matter (PAMS) in forages five cattle ranches in the humid tropics of Chiapas, throughout the year. The data analysis considered the fixed effects ranch month of the year, time of year and forage species. There were no effects (p≤ 0.001) of the interactions ranch*month of the year, ranch*time of year and month of the year*forage species in ALT, PSA and TC. It is concluded that forage production in the Mexican humid tropics is affected by the month and the season as fodder in the months of the rainy season were 82 and 121% more height than in the windy season and dry, respectively; also forages in the rainy season were 30 and 115% more dry weight accumulated (PSA) and growth rate (TC) in the windy season and dry, respectively.Keywords: cattle, dual purpose, growth rate, seasons. Carlos Muñoz-González et al. 3330 Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc. Pub. Esp. Núm. 16 16 de mayo -29 de junio, 2016 IntroducciónEl crecimiento de las plantas es afectada directamente por el genotipo y por las condiciones ambientales en las que se incluyen los factores de manejo. Factores ambientales como la luz, CO 2 , minerales, agua y temperatura afectan procesos de fotosíntesis, absorción de nutrientes y desarrollo de las plantas determinando la productividad (Nurjaya y Tow, 2001).La tasa de crecimiento de cualquier especie forrajera, es más sensible a la temperatura ambiental, comparado con la tasa de fotosíntesis y respiración, esto es debido a que la temperatura ambiental interviene en la aparición y expansión de la lámina foliar, aparición y muerte de tallos y estolones, y el crecimiento radical por lo que las especi...
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