Producing hierarchical porous carbon monoliths from hydrometallurgical recycling of spent lead acid battery for application in lithium ion batteries

Abstract

ARTICLE This journal isIn this paper, an environmentally clean process to recycle the paste from a spent lead acid battery (LAB) is further developed in order to produce a porous carbon anode material for a lithium ion battery (LIB) which is currently in increasing focus as the solution for future energy storage and distribution network. Using lead citrate from hydrometallurgical leaching of lead paste as a precursor, electrochemically active carbon materials were produced as a new product with hierarchical open sponge-like porosity. It was found that anode materials made from porous carbon by pyrolysing lead citrate at 500 o C, with high micropore (<2nm) volume (0.0248cm 3 /g) and BET surface area (138.5m 2 /g), showed remarkable reversible capacity values beyond intercalation at both low and high current densities. In particular, at the high current density of 5000 mA g-1 (13.4C, according to the theoretical capacity of 372 mAh g-1), a high discharge capacity of 217mAh g-1 was maintained even after 200 cycles, much superior in comparison with other carbon materials.

Lead Oxide Enveloped in N-Doped Graphene Oxide Composites for Enhanced High-Rate Partial-State-of-Charge Performance of Lead-Acid Battery

“…Moreover, a new peak at 1200 cm –1 corresponds to C–N, suggesting that nitrogen atoms are doped in the skeleton of GO. In addition, a blue shift of C–O–H deformation vibrations suggests that the interaction between PbO and GO would result in a more stable absorption between GO and PbO . The chemical composition of PbO/GO composites is further examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).…”

“…In addition, a blue shift of C−O−H deformation vibrations suggests that the interaction between PbO and GO would result in a more stable absorption between GO and PbO. 21 The chemical composition of PbO/GO composites is further examined by Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The deconvoluted XPS spectra of Pb 4f show that Pb in the PbO-GO-N500-UP additive is in the form of Pb−O bond (Figure 2b), 10 which is consistent with the Pb(II) oxide in XRD results (Figure 1b).…”

Synthesis of the PbS Dendritic Nanostructure Recovered from a Spent Lead-Acid Battery via an Integrated Vacuum Chlorinating and Hydrothermal Process

“…The volume of the solvent occupies 80 wt % of the Teflon liner. The sealed stainless steel tank was heated at different temperatures (80, 100, 120, and 140 °C) for different reaction times (12,18,24, and 30 h) and then cooled to room temperature naturally. The obtained PbS products were collected and then washed in diluted hydrochloric acid (HCl) followed by ethanol washing.…”

“…9−11 Generally, spent LABs can be divided into four parts, including the lead paste, lead and lead alloy grid, electrolyte, and plastic shell. 12,13 Spent lead paste, including about 3 wt % Pb, 9 wt % PbO, 28 wt % PbO 2 , 60 wt % PbSO 4 , and a small amount of impurities, is the most complex component to be reused. 14−17 These complicated components bring extra technical difficulties in subsequent lead recovery.…”

“…Generally, spent LABs can be divided into four parts, including the lead paste, lead and lead alloy grid, electrolyte, and plastic shell. , Spent lead paste, including about 3 wt % Pb, 9 wt % PbO, 28 wt % PbO 2 , 60 wt % PbSO 4 , and a small amount of impurities, is the most complex component to be reused. − These complicated components bring extra technical difficulties in subsequent lead recovery . The regeneration of spent lead paste into homogeneous high added value lead product is always a great challenge. , In practical applications, the most adopted approach for Laboratory recycling is the regeneration of spent lead paste to metallic Pb through a pyrometallurgy route .…”