Producing high‐quality precursor polymer and fibers to achieve theoretical strength in carbon fibers: A review

Kaur, Jasjeet; Millington, Keith R.; Smith, Shaun

doi:10.1002/app.43963

Cited by 95 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(184 reference statements)

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“…That implied the molecular structure of FAL contains more side chains, which gives rise to the difficulty of ring formation in the process of stabilization and carbonization. The acyclic side chains are pyrolyzed, which generates gas that escapes and causes the formation of microscopic pores …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of lignin extraction methods on microstructure and mechanical properties of lignin‐based carbon fibers

Shi

Wang

Tang

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In order to optimize the use of residues of enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stalk (REHCS) and explore the low‐cost and sustainable raw material substitute for carbon fibers, three types of lignin samples were extracted from REHCS by various extraction methods, and then they were converted into carbon fibers (CFs) by electrospinning, thermostabilization, and carbonization under the same process conditions. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the three types of carbonized fibers were different. The CFs from the ethanol organosolv lignin were actually smooth and brittle carbon films. The CFs from the formic acid/acetic acid organosolv lignin had microscopic pores, causing poor mechanical properties. Comparatively, the CFs from the alkaline lignin demonstrated preferable microstructure and mechanical properties. The reasons for the differences were analyzed by characterizing the lignin samples, precursor fibers, and resultant CFs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45580.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of lignin extraction methods on microstructure and mechanical properties of lignin‐based carbon fibers

Shi

Wang

Tang

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The fabrication procedure of PAN‐based CFs comprises polymer synthesis, spinning, postspinning, stabilization at 200–300°C in air, and carbonization at 1000–1500°C in an inert atmosphere . During the whole process, metal impurities originating from the polymeric monomer, solvent, coagulating bath, or metal equipment can be easily introduced into PAN precursor fibers in the initial three stages, and most of them are thought to have negative effects on the mechanical properties of CFs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of doping aluminum chloride on stabilization and properties of polyacrylonitrile‐based carbon fibers

Chen

Lü

Jiang

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) gel fibers were immersed in 0–2.0 wt % aluminum chloride (AlCl3) aqueous solutions to fabricate Al‐doped PAN fibers and the resultant carbon fibers (CFs) on a continuous production line, and the effects of doping with AlCl3 on the stabilization and properties of PAN‐based CFs were investigated. The Al content in the PAN fibers and in the resultant CFs is 2800 and 5700 ppm, respectively, at 2.0 wt % doping solution concentration. Al compound particles were speculated to exist in the pores of PAN fibers, and they show strong inhibiting effects on both cyclization and oxidation reactions. However, the disadvantages can be overcome by a longer stabilization period or a higher stabilization temperature to produce CFs that have comparable mechanical properties with 2.98–3.20 GPa tensile strength and 210–220 GPa Young's modulus. Thermogravimetric analysis in air shows the weight of CFs increases remarkably from 19.0% to 59.3% at 850°C for Al content 0–1900 ppm, while it gradually decreases over 1900–5700 ppm.

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“…Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymers, mostly containing a small amount of vinyl acid, have been used mostly to manufacture high performance carbon fibers in current . There are several independent steps, mainly polymerization, spinning, thermal oxidative stabilization (TOS), carbonization, and post‐processes, to obtain carbon fibers from acrylonitrile (AN) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymers, mostly containing a small amount of vinyl acid, have been used mostly to manufacture high performance carbon fibers in current. [1][2][3][4] There are several independent steps, mainly polymerization, spinning, thermal oxidative stabilization (TOS), carbonization, and post-processes, to obtain carbon fibers from acrylonitrile (AN). [1][2][3][4] Among these steps, TOS process has been attracted lots of attention because of many kinds of chemistry reactions and physical changes occurred, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] which makes PAN fibers infusible and nonflammable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the multiple cyclization reactions and the formed structures in poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐itaconic acid) copolymers during thermal treatment

Liu

Sun

et al. 2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The present work provided some in‐depth understanding on the role of itaconic acid (IA) in the structural evolution of poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐itaconic acid) (PAI) polymers and the formed cyclic structures during thermal treatment. As the increasing content of IA, the cyclization initiated by the ionic mechanism increased with the less β‐amino nitrile formed and the higher extent of cyclization. The IA comonomer initiated multiple cyclization reactions, namely, the first ionic cyclization and the second ionic cyclization, by the jump transportation of activation species between different PAI chains during thermal treatment. The times of the jump transportation of activation species was about two or three at 250°C. The presence of IA comonomer promoted the formation of long sequence cyclic structures rather than isolated cyclic structure under non‐oxidative condition. The thermal stability of PAI was improved by the more and better cyclic structures and the crosslinking structures caused by the jump transportation of activation species, which reasonably resulted in a better graphitic lattice during the carbonization. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Producing high‐quality precursor polymer and fibers to achieve theoretical strength in carbon fibers: A review

Cited by 95 publications

References 110 publications

Impact of lignin extraction methods on microstructure and mechanical properties of lignin‐based carbon fibers

Impact of lignin extraction methods on microstructure and mechanical properties of lignin‐based carbon fibers

Effects of doping aluminum chloride on stabilization and properties of polyacrylonitrile‐based carbon fibers

Study on the multiple cyclization reactions and the formed structures in poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐itaconic acid) copolymers during thermal treatment

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