Production and calibration of the first HEFT hard x-ray optics module

Koglin, Jason E.; Chen, C. M. Hubert; Chonko, James; Christensen, Finn Erland; Craig, William W.; Decker, Todd; Gunderson, K.; Hailey, Charles J.; Harrison, Fiona A.; Jensen, Christian Damsgaard; Madsen, Kristin K.; Stern, Marcela; Windt, David L.; Yu, Haitao; Ziegler, Eric

doi:10.1117/12.506431

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The goal was to obtaiñ 45" (HPD, 2-bounce) in this prototype, and this required~50% yield (i.e., one out of every two slumped pieces were considered acceptable for mounting). By contrast, in the HEFT telescopes, which also use thermally-slumped glass, a resolution of~60" is obtained with > 95% yield 4 . The slumped glass was then coated with a W/Si multilayer.…”

Section: Thermally-formed Glass Opticsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fabrication and performance of Constellation-X hard x-ray telescope prototype optics using segmented glass

et al. 2004

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We report on the fabrication and performance of prototype optics for the Constellation-X hard X-ray telescope (HXT). The prototypes utilize segmented-glass optics. Multiple glass segments are combined to produce telescope shells. The shells are separated by and epoxied to graphite rods, and each layer of rods is precisely machined to match the required optical geometry of the corresponding glass shell. This error-compensating, monolithic assembly and alignment (EMAAL) procedure is novel. Two prototypes are described. The first used 10cm long thermally-slumped glass pieces produced by slumping into a concave mandrel with no subsequent replication. This prototype obtained 45" (2-bounce HPD). The second prototype was the first attempt to mount epoxy-replicated, thermally-slumped glass optics using EMAAL. The latter prototype demonstrated our ability to produce and mount glass shells whose figure and performance are faithful representations of the original replication mandrel. The average performance was 45", with the best replicated segment providing 33" (2-bounce HPD) performance, consistent with the~30" measured with laser reflectometry and interferometry prior to mounting. Both these prototypes substantially exceeded the HXT requirement of 60".

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Section: Thermally-formed Glass Opticsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fabrication and performance of Constellation-X hard x-ray telescope prototype optics using segmented glass

et al. 2004

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“…The individual HEROES mirror shells have typical angular resolutions of ∼15 angular resolution. The average angular resolution of the modules, measured during HEROES pre-flight calibrations (listed for each module in Table 3), is ∼33 HPD about 2× better resolution than other HXR flight optics currently in use (Koglin et al, 2004). Module resolution is poorer than shell resolution due to mounting errors.…”

Section: Heroes Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of the High Energy Replicated Optics to Explore the Sun (HEROES) Hard X-ray Telescope

Wilson-Hodge

Gaskin

Christe

et al. 2014

J. Astron. Instrum.

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Sun (HEROES) hard Xray telescope flew as a balloon payload from Ft. Sumner, NM. HEROES observed the Sun, the black hole binary GRS 1915+105, and the Crab Nebula during its 27 h flight. In this paper, we describe laboratory calibration measurements of the HEROES detectors using line and continuum sources and applications of these measurements to define channel to energy (gain) corrections for observed events and to define detector response matrices. We characterize the HEROES X-ray grazing incidence optics using measurements taken in the Stray Light Facility (SLF) in Huntsville, AL, and using ray traces. We describe the application of our calibration measurements to in-flight observations of the Crab Nebula.

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“…An air-bearing Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) built by CPPI ‡ is used to perform low force surface metrology on the back surface of the mounted mirrors. 11,12 Since the thickness of mirror substrates is very uniform in the axial direction, surface metrology performed on the back-side of the glass replicates the front surface figure which serves to focus the X-rays. Complete surface figure maps of each mirror shell are obtained from LVDT data recorded along the entire axial length of both upper and lower shells at 144 different azimuth positions.…”

Section: Optics Design and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

First results from the ground calibration of the NuSTAR flight optics

Koglin

Barrière

et al. 2011

SPIE Proceedings

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NuSTAR is a hard X-ray satellite experiment to be launched in 2012. Two optics with 10.15 m focal length focus Xrays with energies between 5 and 80 keV onto CdZnTe detectors located at the end of a deployable mast. The FM1 and FM2 flight optics were built at the same time based on the same design and with very similar components, and thus the performance of both is expected to be very similar. We provide an overview of calibration data that is being used to build an optics response model for each optic and describe initial results for energies above 10 keV from the ground calibration of the flight optics. From a preliminary analysis of the data, our current best determination of the overall HPD of both the FM1 and FM2 flight optics is 52", and nearly independent of energy. The statistical error is negligible, and a preliminary estimate of the systematic error is of order 4". The as-measured effective area and HPD meet the toplevel NuSTAR mission sensitivity requirements.

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Production and calibration of the first HEFT hard x-ray optics module

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Fabrication and performance of Constellation-X hard x-ray telescope prototype optics using segmented glass

Fabrication and performance of Constellation-X hard x-ray telescope prototype optics using segmented glass

Calibration of the High Energy Replicated Optics to Explore the Sun (HEROES) Hard X-ray Telescope

First results from the ground calibration of the NuSTAR flight optics

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