Production and characterization of Bragg gratings in polymer optical fibers for sensors and optical communications

Oliveira, Ricardo; Marques, Carlos; Bilro, Lúcia; Nogueira, Rogério N.

doi:10.1117/12.2058861

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…3 and as it can be seen the Bragg wavelength shift was linearly red shifted with 1% deformation. The obtained strain sensitivities for FBGs inscribed were 1.33±0.01 pm/με (Fibre 1) and 1.27±0.02 pm/με (Fibre 2) after using a linear regression fit, where the results are similar to the typical values already reported in literature for POFBGs (~1.3 pm/με in the 1550 nm window) using both UV laser inscription systems [17,18]. Additionally, characterization was carried out to explore the temperature response of each fibre containing FBGs.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…In the last few years, many efforts have been made to increase the quality and diversity of POF sensors for many applications using different methods and techniques [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Fabrication of Bragg gratings in mPOF and step-index fibres, with the phase mask technique is a time consuming process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of thermal pre-treatment on preforms for fast Bragg gratings inscription using undoped PMMA POFs

et al. 2017

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Abstract:In this work, improvements in the photosensitivity of undoped POFs, where there was a welldefined pre-annealing of both preforms in two-step process, were reported. We have noticed that when the primary and secondary preforms are annealed, the fiber photosensitivity is higher; otherwise, if any preform (primary or secondary) is not annealed, the fiber photosensitivity is lower. Two PMMA mPOFs are used where the primary and secondary preforms, during the two-step drawing process, have a different thermal treatment. The PMMA POFs drawn where the primary or secondary preform is not specifically pre-treat need longer inscription time than the fibres drawn where both preforms have been pre-annealed at 80ºC for 2 weeks. Using two different UV lasers, for the latter fibre much less inscription time is needed compared to another homemade POF. The properties of a POF fabricated where there are both preform process with thermal treatment is different from those where just one preform step process is thermal treated, as previously shown in the literature, where these POFs are much less sensitive to thermal treatment. Some important parameters were considered such as drawing tension and water content, where using fibers drawn in different tensions give us a similar FBG inscription time.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of thermal pre-treatment on preforms for fast Bragg gratings inscription using undoped PMMA POFs

et al. 2017

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“…[83] though there have been many reports regarding MM POF gratings [22,64,65,66,76,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92]. For SM transmission of step index (SI) POF, the normalized frequency should obey the following equation [93]:

V = \frac{2 π}{λ} \cdot a \sqrt{n_{co}^{2} - n_{cl}^{2}} < 2.4

where 2 a and λ are the diameter of fibre core and the operating wavelength, respectively.…”

Section: Pof Gratingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bulk polymerization often gives more flexibility for the modification of the material properties through doping to improve the photosensitivity [22,64,65,66,67,68,69] as well as other functionalities. MM graded-index (GI) perfluorinated POF (CYTOP) is manufactured by Chromis Fiberoptics, Inc. (Warren, NJ, USA) through extrusion [48,92]. Recently, COC SI POF has also been fabricated by Woyessa et al, through the tube-in-rod method with injection molded preforms [95].…”

Section: Pof Gratingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Polymer Optical Fibre (POF) Gratings

Luo

Yan

Zhang

et al. 2017

Sensors

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Gratings inscribed in polymer optical fibre (POF) have attracted remarkable interest for many potential applications due to their distinctive properties. This paper overviews the current state of fabrication of POF gratings since their first demonstration in 1999. In particular we summarize and discuss POF materials, POF photosensitivity, techniques and issues of fabricating POF gratings, as well as various types of POF gratings.

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“…The mechanical properties provide enhanced sensitivity or longer operational range to intrinsic polymer fibre sensors when they are used for strain [5,6], stress [7], pressure [8], temperature [9,10] and humidity [11] monitoring, as well as for transverse force sensing [12]. Many POF sensors are based on fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs), which have been written in different spectral windows in doped and undoped step-index POFs [13], microstructured fibers (including PMMA and TOPAS material) [13][14][15], as well as low loss cyclic transparent optical polymer (CYTOP)-perfluorinated POFs [16], and graded-index POFs [17]. Polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings (POFBGs) are inscribed with different laser systems including continuous-wave (CW) HeCd laser (@325 nm) [13][14][15], pulsed KrF laser (@248 nm) [18], and also femtosecond laser systems [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel level sensor based on polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings for aircraft applications

et al. 2016

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Safety in civil aviation is increasingly important due to the increase in flight routes and their more challenging nature. Like other important systems in aircraft, fuel level monitoring is always a technical challenge. The most frequently used level sensors in aircraft fuel systems are based on capacitive, ultrasonic and electric techniques, however they suffer from intrinsic safety concerns in explosive environments combined with issues relating to reliability and maintainability. In the last few years, optical fiber liquid level sensors (OFLLSs) have been reported to be safe and reliable and present many advantages for aircraft fuel measurement. Different OFLLSs have been developed, such as the pressure type, float type, optical radar type, TIR type and side-leaking type. Amongst these, many types of OFLLSs based on fiber gratings have been demonstrated. However, these sensors have not been commercialized because they exhibit some drawbacks: low sensitivity, limited range, long-term instability, or limited resolution. In addition, any sensors that involve direct interaction of the optical field with the fuel (either by launching light into the fuel tank or via the evanescent field of a fiber-guided mode) must be able to cope with the potential build up of contamination -often bacterial -on the optical surface. In this paper, a fuel level sensor based on microstructured polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings (mPOFBGs), including poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and TOPAS fibers, embedded in diaphragms is investigated in detail. The mPOFBGs are embedded in two different types of diaphragms and their performance is investigated with aviation fuel for the first time, in contrast to our previous works, where water was used. Our new system exhibits a high performance when compared with other previously published in the literature, making it a potentially useful tool for aircraft fuel monitoring.

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Production and characterization of Bragg gratings in polymer optical fibers for sensors and optical communications

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Impact of thermal pre-treatment on preforms for fast Bragg gratings inscription using undoped PMMA POFs

Impact of thermal pre-treatment on preforms for fast Bragg gratings inscription using undoped PMMA POFs

Fabrication of Polymer Optical Fibre (POF) Gratings

Fuel level sensor based on polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings for aircraft applications

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