Production and growth related disorders and other metabolic diseases of poultry – A review

Julian, R. J.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.04.015

Cited by 329 publications

(266 citation statements)

References 174 publications

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“…Higher environmental temperatures and lower oxygen availability increase lung aeration demands and also cardiac output in order to fulfill physiologic needs of bird tissues (JULIAN, 2005) and thermoregulation (TOYOMIZU et al, 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stressful situations as extreme heat shock, physiological effects of dry bulb temperature rise (Figure 1) and oxygen concentration reduction in the ambient air (Figure 3) can worsen lung congestion, which is developed by birds during sudden death syndrome (JULIAN, 2005). This status may be aggravated by a collapse in the balance of electrolytes, which would affect bird's ability of supplying these components to vital cardiac outputs in order to survive, added to the incidence of arrhythmias (IMAEDA, 2000).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature, relative humidity and wind speed are the major environmental factors affecting animal thermal comfort, providing limits for adequate production (NASCIMENTO et al, 2011;AMARAL et al, 2011). The high temperature might cause mortality in birds according to their exposure to high temperatures reaching hyperthermia, a high body temperature condition leading to respiratory alkalosis and increasing blood pH due to excessive panting, causing the death of the birds (JULIAN, 2005;TOYOMIZU et al, 2005;ABIDIN & KHATOON, 2013). The climate change and heat waves events are responsible for severe production losses in broiler facilities NÄÄS et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of a simulated heat wave in thermal and aerial environment broiler-rearing environment

et al. 2016

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Global warming increases the occurrence of events such as extreme heat waves. Research on thermal and air conditions affecting broiler-rearing environment are important to evaluate the animal welfare under extreme heat aiming mitiga tion measures. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of a simulated heat wave, in a climatic chamber, on the thermal and air environment of 42-day-old broilers. One hundred and sixty broilers were housed and reared for 42 days in a climatic chamber; the animals were divided into eight pens. Heat wave simulation was performed on the 42 nd day, the period of great impact and data sampling. The analyzed variables were room and litter temperatures, relative humidity, concentrations of oxygen, carbon monoxide and ammonia at each pen. These variables were assessed each two hours, starting at 8 am, simulating a day heating up to 4 pm, when it is reached the maximum temperature. By the results, we concluded that increasing room temperatures promoted a proportional raise in litter temperatures, contributing to ammonia volatilization. In addition, oxygen concentrations decreased with increasing temperatures; and the carbon monoxide was only observed at temperatures above 27.0 °C, relative humidity higher than 88.4% and litter temperatures superior to 30.3 °C.KEYWORDS: ammonia, gas production, animal welfare, oxygen, litter temperature ONDA DE CALOR SIMULADA E SEU IMPACTO NO AMBIENTE TÉRMICO E AÉREO DE FRANGOS DE CORTE RESUMO:O aquecimento global aumenta a ocorrência de eventos extremos como as ondas de calor. Pesquisas sobre como as condições térmicas e aéreas afetam o ambiente de produção de frangos de corte são importantes para se avaliar o bem-estar animal sob condições extremas de calor, objetivando medidas mitigadoras. Este estudo pretende avaliar o efeito da simulação de ondas de calor em câmara climática, sobre o ambiente térmico e aéreo de frangos de corte com 42 dias de idade. 160 frangos foram alojados e criados, de 1 a 42 dias de idade, em câmara climática que foi dividida em oito baias. A simulação de onda de calor foi realizada no 42º dia de criação das aves, memento de maior impacto e da coleta dos dados. As variáveis foram coletadas em intervalos de duas horas a partir das 8 horas da manhã, simulando o aquecimento do dia até às 16 horas, horário de máxima, sendo coletados temperatura ambiente, temperatura da cama, umidade relativa do ar, concentrações de oxigênio, monóxido de carbono e amônia em cada baia, nos intervalos de duas em duas horas. Com os resultados obtidos na câmara climática, foi possível concluir que o aumento da temperatura ambiente ocasionou aumento na temperatura da cama, o que, consequentemente, contribuiu para o aumento da volatilização da amônia. A concentração de oxigênio foi reduzida enquanto a temperatura foi aumentada. A presença de monóxido de carbono foi observada quando a temperatura ambiente estava acima de 27,0 ºC, a umidade relativa superior a 88,4% e a temperatura da cama estava superior a 30,3 ºC. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:amônia, bem-estar an...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of a simulated heat wave in thermal and aerial environment broiler-rearing environment

et al. 2016

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“…In fact, the increase in metabolic rate at temperatures below the comfort zone (cold stress) is a significant cause of increased mortality from the pulmonary hypertension syndrome (ascites) in broilers [125]. Initially, it was shown that when broilers were exposed to a cool environment for 3 weeks, plasma SOD activity was decreased [126].…”

Section: Cold Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Systems in Poultry Biology: Superoxide Dismutase

Surai¹

2016

J Anim Res Nutr

169

135

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Commercial poultry production is associated with various stresses responsible for decreasing productive and reproductive performance of growing chicks, breeders and commercial layers. A growing body of evidence shows that most of stresses in poultry production at the cellular level are associated with oxidative stress. Recently, a concept of the cellular antioxidant defense has been revised with special attention paid to cellular redox status maintenance and cell signaling. In fact, antioxidant systems of the living cell are based on three major levels of defense and superoxide dismutase (SOD) is shown to belong to the first level of the antioxidant defense network. Cellular antioxidant defenses are shown to include several options and vitagene activation in stress conditions is considered as a fundamental adaptive mechanism. The vitagene family includes various genes regulating synthesis of protective molecules including thioredoxins, sirtuins, heat shock proteins and SOD. However, by the time of writing no comprehensive review on the roles and effects of SOD in poultry biology has appeared. Therefore, the aim of this review is a critical analysis of the role of SOD in poultry biology with specific emphasis to its functions as an essential part of the vitagene network. From the analysis of the recent data related to SOD in poultry physiology and adaptation to stresses it is possible to conclude that: a) SOD as important vitagene is the main driving force in cell/body adaptation to various stress conditions. Indeed, in stress conditions additional synthesis of SOD is an adaptive mechanism to decrease ROS formation; b) If the stress is too high SOD activity is decreased and apoptosis is activated; c) there are tissue-specific differences in SOD expression which also depends on the strength of such stress-factors as heat, heavy metals, mycotoxins and other stressors; d) SOD is shown to provide an effective protection against lipid peroxidation in chicken embryonic tissues and semen; e) SOD is shown to be protective in heat and cold stress, toxicity stress as well as in other oxidative-stress related conditions in poultry production; f) there are complex interactions inside the antioxidant network of the cell/body to ensure an effective maintenance of homeostasis in stress conditions. Indeed, in many cases, nutritional antioxidants (vitamin E, selenium, carotenoids, phytochemicals, etc.) in the feed can increase SOD expression; g) nutritional means of SOD upregulation in stress conditions of poultry production and physiological and commercial consequences await further investigation; h) vitagene upregulation in stress conditions is emerging as an effective means for stress management.

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“…The etiology of the syndrome is not fully understood, although it is known that in birds predisposition to this is related to the fact that birds (unlike mammals) de novo FA biosynthesis occurs only in the liver, so the chylomicrons formed in the intestine are absorbed directly into the portal vein and practically do not enter other tissues [67]. Factors influencing the manifestation of this syndrome in laying hens are housing, genotype, diet composition, hormonal and antioxidant statuses [68]. The relationship between FLHS and the level of ω-3-PUFAs in the diet of laying hens [69][70][71] can not be considered clearly established, since such a relationship was not found in other studies either in visual assessment of liver status and hemorrhage index [48,72] or in histological studies [59].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FUNCTIONAL EGG PRODUCTION. I. THE ROLE OF ω-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (review)

Kavtarashvili¹,

Стефанова²,

Svitkin³

et al. 2017

S-h. biol.

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Production and growth related disorders and other metabolic diseases of poultry – A review

Cited by 329 publications

References 174 publications

Effect of a simulated heat wave in thermal and aerial environment broiler-rearing environment

Effect of a simulated heat wave in thermal and aerial environment broiler-rearing environment

Antioxidant Systems in Poultry Biology: Superoxide Dismutase

FUNCTIONAL EGG PRODUCTION. I. THE ROLE OF ω-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (review)

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