Production and PFM Characterization of Barium Titanate Nanofibers

Ferroelectric characterization of aligned barium titanate nanofibres

“…It is found to be about 12.5 pm V −1 and its value is comparable to those reported in the literature [37]. Figure 3 presents the temperature dependence (with heating/cooling rates of 1 K h −1 ) of the normalized SHG intensity I 2ω (T ) observed on the barium titanate nanofibres calcinated at 900 • C and 1100 • C during 12 h. Increasing the annealing time from 1 h (as was done in [16]) to 12 h has allowed us to obtain BaTiO 3 fibres with a clear ferroelectric response that can be detected in fibres annealed at temperatures above 800 • C. As seen from figure 3, the I 2ω (T ) dependence is very broad and displays a diffuse ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition behaviour. Such a broad transition with detectable SHG up to 900 K was observed in BaTiO 3 in the form of ceramic and powder with an average size of 0.5 µm [34,38].…”

“…The BaTiO 3 grain size within the fibres can be affected by the annealing temperature [20]. In contrast to previous work [16], here, the annealing time and temperature were increased up to 12 h and to 900-1100 • C, respectively. Since the presence of the cubic BaTiO 3 phase is favoured for smaller grain sizes, the changes introduced on the preparation routine aim to decrease the non-ferroelectric grain boundary layer on the BaTiO 3 grains surface [20].…”

“…The difference in T c for the fibres annealed at different temperatures (119 • C and 123 • C for BaTiO 3 fibres annealed at 900 • C and 1100 • C, correspondingly) can be understood in terms of the T c dependence on the grain size. Increasing the annealing temperature in nano-and micrograined barium titanate apparently leads to increasing of their average grain size [16] with accompanying shift of the tetragonalcubic phase transition temperature to higher temperatures [19,41,42].…”

“…Recently, in our group the preparation of barium titanate nanofibres was attempted [16] using a procedure similar to that described by Yuh et al [11] and later by Sahoo and Panda [17]. In the BaTiO 3 nanofibres obtained by such a method, the investigation of the ferroelectric switching has been attempted; however, no saturation of the hysteresis loop was obtained.…”

Synthesis and characterization of electrospun BaTiO<inf>3</inf>/PVP composite nanofibers

“…These fibers are often collected on the surface of a conductor to form nonwoven mats. Normally, the diameter of these fibers is of submicrometer [13]. However, depending on experimental conditions, diameters can be controlled down to tens of nanometers [10,11] Experimental conditions such as applied voltages and flow rates are among the most important parameters that are studied in this work.…”