Production Characteristics of the Bakken Shale Oil

Abstract

There are three main types of well production trends in the Bakken formation. Each decline curve characteristic of these production trends has an important meaning to the production trends of the Bakken Shale play especially type I and type II production trends. In the total of 146 well histories, there are 51 % of wells in Type I production trend. This high percentage of Type I production trend is showing the true characteristic of the Bakken Shale reservoir, which will be discussed later in this paper. Type I production trend has the reservoir pressure drops below bubble point pressure and gas releasing out of the solution. This can be seen on the GOR curve vs. time plot. The cause of reservoir drop below bubble point has been analyzed, and the production of oil in this behavior has driving force from the solution gas. In additional, two linear flow regimes have been observed by looking at the log-log plot of rate against time plot of type I well. In a type II production trend, production is primary from the matrix. Reservoir pressure is higher than the bubble point pressure during the producing time and oil flows as a single phase throughout the production period of the well. GOR curve is almost constant during the production period. A single linear flow behavior is observed in Bakken Shale play of type II wells. This behavior is characterized by a half-slope on the log-log plot of the oil rate versus time plot. A type III production trend typically has scattering production data from wells with a different type of trends. It is difficult to study this type of behavior because of scattering data and it will lead to uncorrected interpretation for the analysis. Calculation procedures are given for OIIP estimation, and the area of matrix drainage between fractures, Acm.

Investigating the Effect of Improved Fracture Conductivity on Production Performance of Hydraulically Fractured Wells: Field-Case Studies and Numerical Simulations

“…The basis for the use of ceramic proppants is that these proppants have been found to increase fracture conductivities and yield higher production rates. Also, in realistic downhole conditions, such as non-Darcy and multiphase flows, the ceramic proppants lose less fracture conductivity than other widely used sand proppants (Vincent 2002). …”

Novel Capillarity Quantification Method in IOR Process in Bakken Shale Oil Reservoirs

“…The Middle Bakken formation rock varies from calcareous siltstone to predominant quartz sandstone, dolostone, and silty limestone. The Upper and Lower members of Bakken are hydrocarbon source rocks and are organic-rich, with total organic carbon (TOC) content ranging from 12 to 36 wt%, average 25 to 28 wt% over large portions of the basin (Tran et al, 2011).The primary oil target is Middle Bakken member, which is, is organic-poor with TOC content ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 wt% (Price, 1999). The average depth of the Middle Bakken is about 10,000 ft.…”

High Performance Ceramics in the Bakken

“…The geologic setting of the Bakken, which is the focus of this investigation, is well documented (Refs. [1][2][3][4][5]. The beneficial impact of using a ceramic proppant has also been documented on a relatively small group of off-setting wells (6) and on a very large population of wells, but without the benefit of high resolution production data (7).…”