There are three main types of well production trends in the Bakken formation. Each decline curve characteristic of these production trends has an important meaning to the production trends of the Bakken Shale play especially type I and type II production trends. In the total of 146 well histories, there are 51 % of wells in Type I production trend. This high percentage of Type I production trend is showing the true characteristic of the Bakken Shale reservoir, which will be discussed later in this paper. Type I production trend has the reservoir pressure drops below bubble point pressure and gas releasing out of the solution. This can be seen on the GOR curve vs. time plot. The cause of reservoir drop below bubble point has been analyzed, and the production of oil in this behavior has driving force from the solution gas. In additional, two linear flow regimes have been observed by looking at the log-log plot of rate against time plot of type I well. In a type II production trend, production is primary from the matrix. Reservoir pressure is higher than the bubble point pressure during the producing time and oil flows as a single phase throughout the production period of the well. GOR curve is almost constant during the production period. A single linear flow behavior is observed in Bakken Shale play of type II wells. This behavior is characterized by a half-slope on the log-log plot of the oil rate versus time plot. A type III production trend typically has scattering production data from wells with a different type of trends. It is difficult to study this type of behavior because of scattering data and it will lead to uncorrected interpretation for the analysis. Calculation procedures are given for OIIP estimation, and the area of matrix drainage between fractures, Acm.
As interest in exploiting shale gas/oil reservoirs with multiple stage fractured horizontal wells increased, complexity of production analysis and reservoir description have also increased. The main objective of this paper is to present and demonstrate type curves for production data analysis of shale gas/oil wells using a Dual Porosity model.Dual Porosity model is based on Bello and Wattenbarger's (2010) mathematical model where hydraulic fractures act as a secondary porosity system where matrix is the primary porosity system. Samandarli et al. (2011) showed application of this model on history matching and forecasting of shale gas wells with multiple fractures by doing regression on effective fracture and matrix permeability and half length. This type of regression is as rigorous as simulation, however much faster than it. On the other hand for "quick look interpretation" having type curves will make the production analysis even more convenient for practical purposes.With this method production of shale gas/oil well can be matched with developed type curves which vary with effective permeability. Once the production data is matched with one of the type curves, effective permeability and match points are recorded. By using dimensionless equations developed for Dual Porosity model fracture half-length can be determined. In order to use type curves, good estimate for effective porosity and matrix permeability should be predetermined.Type curves developed in this paper were applied to synthetic and field data examples. Early results show that method works well in determining effective fracture half-length which is the most important parameter in evaluation of stimulated reservoir volume (SRV).
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