Production, Formulation, and Bioassay of Baculoviruses for Pest Control

Grzywacz, D.; Moore, S.D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803527-6.00007-x

Cited by 32 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Consistency in isolate management was maintained from the research to the commercial phase. However, as reported by Grzywacz and Moore, a stock suspension of the chosen isolate was prepared as an inoculum to produce all future batches of virus [ 12 ]. Nevertheless, it was still possible that some genetic change in the isolate could have taken place, as it was necessary to periodically passage the inoculum through host larvae to amplify the inoculum stock for production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CrleGV-SA was originally obtained from diseased larvae in the culture [ 29 ]. Once production of CrleGV-SA was initiated, originally for research purposes, a stock suspension of the virus was prepared and used for production of all future batches [ 12 , 28 ]. Apart from being used for virus production, the stock suspension was passaged through fourth and fifth instar larvae to amplify the original stock suspension.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effectiveness of CrleGV-SA as a biopesticide may be influenced by, among other things, the biological activity or virulence of the virus isolate, which often consists of a mixture of genotypes used in a particular product [ 11 , 12 ]. Baculoviruses are known to exist as genotypic mixtures consisting of different genotypes of the same virus because of host interactions and ecological factors [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome Analysis and Genetic Stability of the Cryptophlebia leucotreta Granulovirus (CrleGV-SA) after 15 Years of Commercial Use as a Biopesticide

Merwe

Jukes

Rąbalski

et al. 2017

IJMS

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Thaumatotibia leucotreta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is an indigenous pest in southern Africa which attacks citrus fruits and other crops. To control T. leucotreta in South Africa, an integrated pest management (IPM) programme incorporating the baculovirus Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus (CrleGV-SA) as a biopesticide has been implemented. This study investigated the genetic stability of a commercially produced CrleGV-SA product that has been applied in the field since 2000. Seven representative full-genome sequences of the CrleGV-SA isolate spanning a 15-year period were generated and compared with one another. Several open reading frames (ORFs) were identified to have acquired single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) during the 15-year period, with three patterns observed and referred to as “stable”, “reversion”, and “unstable switching”. Three insertion events were also identified, two of which occurred within ORFs. Pairwise multiple alignments of these sequences showed an identity ranging from 99.98% to 99.99%. Concentration-response bioassays comparing samples of CrleGV-SA from 2000 and 2015 showed an increase in virulence toward neonate T. leucotreta larvae. The CrleGV-SA genome sequence generated from the 2015 sample was compared to the Cape Verde reference genome, CrleGV-CV3. Several fusion events were identified between ORFs within these genomes. These sequences shared 96.7% pairwise identity, confirming that CrleGV-SA is a genetically distinct isolate. The results of this study indicate that the genome of CrleGV-SA has remained stable over many years, with implications for its continued use as a biopesticide in the field. Furthermore, the study describes the first complete baculovirus genome to be sequenced with the MinION (Oxford Nanopore, Oxford, UK) platform and the first complete genome sequence of the South African CrleGV isolate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome Analysis and Genetic Stability of the Cryptophlebia leucotreta Granulovirus (CrleGV-SA) after 15 Years of Commercial Use as a Biopesticide

Merwe

Jukes

Rąbalski

et al. 2017

IJMS

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“…One of the features that enhance the applicability of these viruses as bioinseticides are their high resistance to degradation in the environment, characteristic provided a paracrystalline protein matrix that naturally surrounds their viral particles, forming the occlusion bodies (OBs) [ 1 ]. Two of the best examples of baculoviral species used as insecticides are Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV, an alphabaculovirus), in soybean crops [ 6 , 8 ], and Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV, a betabaculovirus), in fruit crops [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide diversity in temporal and regional populations of the betabaculovirus Erinnyis ello granulovirus (ErelGV)

et al. 2018

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BackgroundErinnyis ello granulovirus (ErelGV) is a betabaculovirus infecting caterpillars of the sphingid moth E. ello ello (cassava hornworm), an important pest of cassava crops (Manihot esculenta). In this study, the genome of seven field isolates of the virus ErelGV were deep sequenced and their inter- and intrapopulational sequence diversity were analyzed.ResultsNo events of gene gain/loss or translocations were observed, and indels were mainly found within highly repetitive regions (direct repeats, drs). A naturally occurring isolate from Northern Brazil (Acre State, an Amazonian region) has shown to be the most diverse population, with a unique pattern of polymorphisms. Overall, non-synonymous substitutions were found all over the seven genomes, with no specific gathering of mutations on hotspot regions. Independently of their sizes, some ORFs have shown higher levels of non-synonymous changes than others. Non-core genes of known functions and structural genes were among the most diverse ones; and as expected, core genes were the least variable genes. We observed remarkable differences on diversity of paralogous genes, as in multiple copies of p10, fgf, and pep. Another important contrast on sequence diversity was found on genes encoding complex subunits and/or involved in the same biological processes, as late expression factors (lefs) and per os infectivity factors (pifs). Interestingly, several polymorphisms in coding regions lie on sequences encoding specific protein domains.ConclusionsBy comparing and integrating information about inter- and intrapopulational diversity of viral isolates, we provide a detailed description on how evolution operates on field isolates of a betabaculovirus. Our results revealed that 35–41% of the SNPs of ErelGV lead to amino acid changes (non-synonymous substitutions). Some genes, especially non-core genes of unknown functions, tend to accumulate more mutations, while core genes evolve slowly and are more conserved. Additional studies would be necessary to understand the actual effects of such gene variations on viral infection and fitness.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5070-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…As obligate pathogens, viruses require living hosts for replication, and this can be achieved only in host larvae ( in vivo ) or in cell culture ( in vitro ). The expenses associated with both these systems can make it difficult to produce virus‐based insecticides at competitive costs . In addition, in vitro system techniques, currently used in recombinant baculovirus expression systems, vaccine development and gene therapy, face important technical constraints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remarkably efficient production of a highly insecticidal Chrysodeixis chalcites nucleopolyhedrovirus (ChchNPV) isolate in its homologous host

Bernal

Simón

Williams

et al. 2018

Pest Management Science

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Production, Formulation, and Bioassay of Baculoviruses for Pest Control

Cited by 32 publications

References 58 publications

Genome Analysis and Genetic Stability of the Cryptophlebia leucotreta Granulovirus (CrleGV-SA) after 15 Years of Commercial Use as a Biopesticide

Genome Analysis and Genetic Stability of the Cryptophlebia leucotreta Granulovirus (CrleGV-SA) after 15 Years of Commercial Use as a Biopesticide

Genome-wide diversity in temporal and regional populations of the betabaculovirus Erinnyis ello granulovirus (ErelGV)

Remarkably efficient production of a highly insecticidal Chrysodeixis chalcites nucleopolyhedrovirus (ChchNPV) isolate in its homologous host

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