Production of [15O]water at low-energy proton cyclotrons

Powell, J.R.; O’Neil, James P.

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2006.02.096

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…133,134 In an in vivo conversion method, [ 15 O]CO 2 is inhaled and 15 O atoms exchange SCHEME 6 Bicyclic [ 77 As]arsenic trithiol and dithiol aryl [ 77 As]arsenic derivatives SCHEME 7 Production routes to 15 O-labelled compounds almost instantaneously with the oxygen of the water molecules in the lung under the influence of carbonic anhydrase. 135 [ 15 O]H 2 O can also be produced directly in the target by adding about 5% hydrogen to the nitrogen target gas, 117,136 which has the advantage of giving rise to high specific activity product due to the lack of added oxygen carrier material. However, a disadvantage is that large amounts of ammonia are radiolytically produced.…”

Section: 4 O and 1 Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Labelling with positron emitters of pnicogens and chalcogens

Neumaier

2017

Labelled Comp Radiopharmac

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The increasing importance of the positron emission tomography (PET) in clinical diagnosis led to the development of a multitude of radiotracers labelled with positron‐emitting radionuclides of groups 15 (pnicogens) and 16 (chalcogens) of the periodic table of elements. The positron emitters of the endogenous occurring elements nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, and sulphur are characterized by very short half‐lives compared with the most commonly used PET radionuclides carbon‐11 or fluorine‐18. Therefore, the potential of their synthesis and possible applications in PET is challenging and limited. On the other hand, the nonstandard positron emitters arsenic‐72, arsenic‐74, and selenium‐73 have half‐lives in the range of hours to days and, thus, are of interest for PET studies of processes with long biological half‐lives, but novel methods have to be developed for their application, especially in the no‐carrier‐added state. This review summarizes recent research concerning the positron emitters of pnicogens and chalcogens for radiolabelling applications.

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Section: 4 O and 1 Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Labelling with positron emitters of pnicogens and chalcogens

Neumaier

2017

Labelled Comp Radiopharmac

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“…The extraction and reuse of residual tritium gas from spent emergency light sources 11 has been described. When oxygen-15, is produced by the > 15 N(p,n) 15 O] reaction 12 in the presence of hydrogen, [ 15 O] water results. Optimum conditions for the production of fluorine-18 by the proton irradiation of H 2 18 O using a linear accelerator 13 or a cyclotron, 14 or by deuteron irradiation of water, 15 have been reviewed.…”

Section: Light Elements (Z O 40)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiochemistry

Urch

2007

Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. A: Inorg. Chem.

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“…It has been used for applications in neurology, cardiology, and oncology to evaluate oxygen consumption, lung perfusion, blood distribution, blood flow, and myocardial perfusion using 15 O-H 2 O (1-5). Current means for the production of 15 O typically require a proton or deuteron accelerator, with the most common pathway of production being via the 14 N(d,n) 15 O reaction using a nitrogen gas target and producing 15 O in the form of 15 (1,3,4). Production of 15 O with protons has also been described using the reactions 15 N(p,n) 15 O or 16 O(p,pn) 15 O (1,4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of ¹⁵O for Medical Applications via the ¹⁶O(γ,n)¹⁵O Reaction

et al. 2018

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15 O (half-life, 122 s) is a useful radionuclide for PET applications. Current production of 15 O typically makes use of the 14 N(d,n) 15 O, 15 N(p,n) 15 O, or 16 O(p,pn) 15 O reactions using an accelerator. A novel approach for the production of 15 O is via the 16 O(γ,n) 15 O reaction using an electron linear accelerator. Photonuclear reactions using an electron linear accelerator may allow for feasible and economical production of 15 O compared with the current methods. Methods: In this work, experiments using a repurposed Clinac were conducted using oxygen-containing alumina as a target material to study the production rate of 15 O. Additional studies were conducted using a water target cell. Simulations using Geant4 were conducted to predict the activity and power dissipation in the target. Results: Bremsstrahlung radiation from the electron beam, and consequently 15 O production via photonuclear reactions, is enhanced when a high-Z material, tungsten, is placed in front of the target. The alumina irradiations provided preliminary data to optimize the beam parameters and target configuration. The optimal thickness of tungsten was 1.4 mm for both the simulated and the measured studies of alumina. Simulations of irradiated water targets showed that tungsten thicker than 1.4 mm resulted in fewer photons available to activate the water; thus, a higher current was required to achieve a fixed dose. Alternatively, for a constant tungsten thickness, more power was deposited in the target with increasing beam energy, requiring a lower current to achieve a fixed dose. Actual irradiations of a water target yielded a quantity of 15 O in the water that was consistent with expectations based on irradiations of alumina. Conclusion: Several parameters should be considered regarding the photonuclear production of 15 O for an average patient dose of 1,850 MBq (50 mCi) in 10 mL. This work illustrates a variety of machine parameters capable of achieving a reasonable patient dose. Our simulations show that the power deposited in the target for these parameters is less than that in commercially operated cyclotron targets for the production of 18 F. Thus, this work demonstrates that the photonuclear production of 15 O may be a new production path for this useful radionuclide.

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Production of [15O]water at low-energy proton cyclotrons

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Labelling with positron emitters of pnicogens and chalcogens

Labelling with positron emitters of pnicogens and chalcogens

Radiochemistry

Production of ¹⁵O for Medical Applications via the ¹⁶O(γ,n)¹⁵O Reaction

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Production of [15O]water at low-energy proton cyclotrons

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Labelling with positron emitters of pnicogens and chalcogens

Labelling with positron emitters of pnicogens and chalcogens

Radiochemistry

Production of 15O for Medical Applications via the 16O(γ,n)15O Reaction

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Production of ¹⁵O for Medical Applications via the ¹⁶O(γ,n)¹⁵O Reaction