“…Since then, this reaction got the attention of chemists, a numerous of different catalysts were used to obtain the α-hydroxyphosphonates such as guanidine hydrochloride 18 , Amberlyst-15 19 , natural phosphate 20 On the other hand, Oil shale raw matter is considered as an energy source by conversion this matter to energy and chemical products through the thermochemical conversion technology 29 . A number of environmental alternatives have also been developed using Moroccan oil shale as adsorbent material to remove industrial dyes, heavy metals, and radioactive elements [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] .…”