Production of Acetic Acid by Clostridium thermoaceticum

Cheryan, Munir; Parekh, Sarad R.; Shah, Minish; Witjitra, Kusuma

doi:10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70221-1

Cited by 43 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The global, commercial production of acetic acid approximated 1010 kg in 2001, and numerous studies have evaluated the potential use of M. thermoacetica to commercially produce both acetic acid and calcium--magnesiumacetate (an environmentally safe road de--icer) [12,15,36,74,76,105,111,124,125]. However, as is the case with all known acetogens, M. thermoacetica is inhibited by high concentrations of acetate and does not grow under acidic conditions, mainly because the cell cannot maintain a proton motive force ( pH) and transmembrane electrical potential ( Ψ) under such conditions [6].…”

Section: Commercialization Of Physiological Abilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of the thermophilic acetogen Moorella thermoacetica

Drake

Daniel

2004

Research in Microbiology

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Section: Commercialization Of Physiological Abilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of the thermophilic acetogen Moorella thermoacetica

Drake

Daniel

2004

Research in Microbiology

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“…1). Although the maximum theoretical yield for acetate production from glucose is 1.00 (wt/wt) (Table 1), the biological process used in the commercial production of acetate from sugars (9) and that developed by engineering E. coli (7) are both based on a maximum theoretical yield of 0.67 g of acetate/g glucose. The synthesis of acetate from FAs contributes to CO 2 fixation and can be achieved at a much higher yield; e.g., a yield of 2.70 (wt/wt) can be realized with palmitic acid (Table 1).…”

Section: Strain Mg1655 [Atobϩ Hbdϩ Crtϩ Bcdϩ Etfabϩ Adhe2ϩ])mentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineered Respiro-Fermentative Metabolism for the Production of Biofuels and Biochemicals from Fatty Acid-Rich Feedstocks

Dellomonaco

Rivera²,

Campbell³

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Although lignocellulosic sugars have been proposed as the primary feedstock for the biological production of renewable fuels and chemicals, the availability of fatty acid (FA)-rich feedstocks and recent progress in the development of oil-accumulating organisms make FAs an attractive alternative. In addition to their abundance, the metabolism of FAs is very efficient and could support product yields significantly higher than those obtained from lignocellulosic sugars. However, FAs are metabolized only under respiratory conditions, a metabolic mode that does not support the synthesis of fermentation products. In the work reported here we engineered several native and heterologous fermentative pathways to function in Escherichia coli under aerobic conditions, thus creating a respiro-fermentative metabolic mode that enables the efficient synthesis of fuels and chemicals from FAs. Representative biofuels (ethanol and butanol) and biochemicals (acetate, acetone, isopropanol, succinate, and propionate) were chosen as target products to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed platform. The yields of ethanol, acetate, and acetone in the engineered strains exceeded those reported in the literature for their production from sugars, and in the cases of ethanol and acetate they also surpassed the maximum theoretical values that can be achieved from lignocellulosic sugars. Butanol was produced at yields and titers that were between 2-and 3-fold higher than those reported for its production from sugars in previously engineered microorganisms. Moreover, our work demonstrates production of propionate, a compound previously thought to be synthesized only by propionibacteria, in E. coli. Finally, the synthesis of isopropanol and succinate was also demonstrated. The work reported here represents the first effort toward engineering microorganisms for the conversion of FAs to the aforementioned products.

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“…Petrochemical routes have largely displaced biological processes as uses expanded to plastics, solvents, and road de-icers (20)(21)(22). World production of acetate for 2001 was estimated at 6.8 million metric tons, half of which was produced in the U.S. (23).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In the current biological process, sugars are fermented to ethanol by Saccharomyces. Ethanol in the resulting beer is subsequently oxidized to acetic acid by Acetobacter under aerobic conditions (20)(21)(22). This process can be summarized as follows:…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Commercial production of acetate with biocatalysts involves a two-step process in which sugar is first fermented to ethanol by yeasts followed by aerobic oxidation to acetate by Acetobacter (20,21). Although titers of Ϸ650 mM are typically produced, higher titers can be readily achieved by the addition of complex nutrients in fed-batch processes requiring 60-120 h. Overall yields for commercial processes have been estimated to be 76% of the theoretical maximum (two acetate per glucose; 0.67 g of acetic acid per gram of glucose).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Engineering the metabolism of Escherichia coli W3110 for the conversion of sugar to redox-neutral and oxidized products: Homoacetate production

Causey

Zhou

Shanmugam

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

178

119

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Microbial processes for commodity chemicals have focused on reduced products and anaerobic conditions where substrate loss to cell mass and CO2 are minimal and product yields are high. To facilitate expansion into more oxidized chemicals, Escherichia coli W3110 was genetically engineered for acetate production by using an approach that combines attributes of fermentative and oxidative metabolism (rapid growth, external electron acceptor) into a single biocatalyst. The resulting strain (TC36) converted 333 mM glucose into 572 mM acetate, a product of equivalent oxidation state, in 18 h. With excess glucose, a maximum of 878 mM acetate was produced. Strain TC36 was constructed by sequentially assembling deletions that inactivated oxidative phosphorylation (⌬atpFH), disrupted the cyclic function of the tricarboxylic acid pathway (⌬sucA), and eliminated native fermentation pathways (⌬focA-pflB ⌬frdBC ⌬ldhA ⌬adhE). These mutations minimized the loss of substrate carbon and the oxygen requirement for redox balance. Although TC36 produces only four ATPs per glucose, this strain grows well in mineral salts medium and has no auxotrophic requirement. Glycolytic flux in TC36 (0.3 mol⅐min ؊1 ⅐mg ؊1 protein) was twice that of the parent. Higher flux was attributed to a deletion of membrane-coupling subunits in (F1F0)H ؉ -ATP synthase that inactivated ATP synthesis while retaining cytoplasmic F1-ATPase activity. The effectiveness of this deletion in stimulating flux provides further evidence for the importance of ATP supply and demand in the regulation of central metabolism. Derivatives of TC36 may prove useful for the commercial production of a variety of commodity chemicals. metabolic engineering ͉ glycolytic flux ͉ acetic acid ͉ fermentation ͉ ATPase

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Production of Acetic Acid by Clostridium thermoaceticum

Cited by 43 publications

References 45 publications

Physiology of the thermophilic acetogen Moorella thermoacetica

Physiology of the thermophilic acetogen Moorella thermoacetica

Engineered Respiro-Fermentative Metabolism for the Production of Biofuels and Biochemicals from Fatty Acid-Rich Feedstocks

Engineering the metabolism of Escherichia coli W3110 for the conversion of sugar to redox-neutral and oxidized products: Homoacetate production

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