Production of Actinium-225 via High Energy Proton Induced Spallation of Thorium-232

Nolen, J.A.; Vandergrift, George; Gomes, I.C.; Kroc, T.; Horwitz, Phil; McAlister, Dan; Bowers, D. L.; Sullivan, Vivian S.; Greene, J. P.

doi:10.2172/1032445

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The 2.5-M nitric acid rinse step can be used to elute Ba/Ra. The addition of the rinse step provides an easier approach to capture the Ba/Ra fraction compared with other published methods [17,18,23]. In a processed target, this fraction would contain 140 Ba, 223 Ra, 225 Ra and 224 Ra.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach was a combination of literature methods for the purification of 225 Ac from thorium [15,16,17]. Various approaches have examined the purification of 225 Ac from thorium, and a cation exchange column with a chelating agent has been used [13,14,15,16,17,18]. The cation-exchange resin (AG50) contains a sulfonic acid functional group, which would retain the actinium species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Cation Exchange for the Separation of Actinium-225 from Radioactive Thorium, Radium-223 and Other Metals

et al. 2019

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Actinium-225 (225Ac) can be produced with a linear accelerator by proton irradiation of a thorium (Th) target, but the Th also underdoes fission and produces 400 other radioisotopes. No research exists on optimization of the cation step for the purification. The research herein examines the optimization of the cation exchange step for the purification of 225Ac. The following variables were tested: pH of load solution (1.5–4.6); rinse steps with various concentrations of HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, and combinations of HCl and HNO3; various thorium chelators to block retention; MP50 and AG50 resins; and retention of 20–45 elements with different rinse sequences. The research indicated that HCl removes more isotopes earlier than HNO3, but that some elements, such as barium and radium, could be eluted with ≥2.5 M HNO3. The optimal pH of the load solution was 1.5–2.0, and the optimized rinse sequence was five bed volumes (BV) of 1 M citric acid pH 2.0, 3 BV of water, 3 BV of 2 M HNO3, 6 BV of 2.5 M HNO3 and 20 BV of 6 M HNO3. The sequence recovered >90% of 225Ac with minimal 223Ra and thorium present.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Cation Exchange for the Separation of Actinium-225 from Radioactive Thorium, Radium-223 and Other Metals

et al. 2019

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“…While investigations into the cross section and production yields for 225 Ac produced in Th are ongoing, some measurements have been performed. Based on these values, it is suggested that >10 GBq could be produced in-target annually at isotope production facilities such as RIAR (Russia), LANSE (USA), ARIEL (Canada) and MEDICIS (Europe) [23][24][25][26] . The U.S. DOE-funded 'Tri-lab effort' is also focused on increasing availability of accelerator-produced 225 Ac and establishing practices to be submitted in a drug master file 27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonant Laser Ionization and Mass Separation of 225Ac

Johnson

Heines

Bruchertseifer³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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225Ac is a radio-isotope that can be linked to biological vector molecules to treat certain distributed cancers using targeted alpha therapy. However, developing 225Ac-labelled radiopharmaceuticals remains a challenge due to the supply shortage of pure 225Ac itself. Several techniques to obtain pure 225Ac are being investigated, amongst which is the high-energy proton spallation of thorium or uranium combined with resonant laser ionization and mass separation. As a proof-of-principle, we perform laser ionization and mass separation on two samples of 225Ac, each with a known activity, in different chemical environments. We report overall operational collection efficiencies of 10.1(2)% and 9.9(8)% for the cases in which the 225Ac was deposited on a rhenium surface and a ThO2 mimic target matrix respectively. The bottleneck of the technique was the laser ionization efficiency, which was deduced to be 15.1(6)%.

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“…While investigations into the cross section and production yields for 225 Ac produced in Th are ongoing, some measurements have been performed. Based on these values, it is suggested that >10 GBq could be produced in-target annually at isotope production facilities such as RIAR (Russia), LANSCE (USA), ARIEL (Canada) and MEDICIS (Europe) [23][24][25][26] . The U.S. DOE-funded 'Tri-lab effort' is also focused on increasing availability of acceleratorproduced 225 Ac and establishing practices to be submitted in a drug master file 27 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonant laser ionization and mass separation of 225Ac

Johnson

Heines

Bruchertseifer

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Abstract$$^{225}$$ 225 Ac is a radio-isotope that can be linked to biological vector molecules to treat certain distributed cancers using targeted alpha therapy. However, developing $$^{225}$$ 225 Ac-labelled radiopharmaceuticals remains a challenge due to the supply shortage of pure $$^{225}$$ 225 Ac itself. Several techniques to obtain pure $$^{225}$$ 225 Ac are being investigated, amongst which is the high-energy proton spallation of thorium or uranium combined with resonant laser ionization and mass separation. As a proof-of-principle, we perform off-line resonant ionization mass spectrometry on two samples of $$^{225}$$ 225 Ac, each with a known activity, in different chemical environments. We report overall operational collection efficiencies of 10.1(2)% and 9.9(8)% for the cases in which the $$^{225}$$ 225 Ac was deposited on a rhenium surface and a ThO$$_{2}$$ 2 mimic target matrix respectively. The bottleneck of the technique was the laser ionization efficiency, which was deduced to be 15.1(6)%.

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Production of Actinium-225 via High Energy Proton Induced Spallation of Thorium-232

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Optimization of Cation Exchange for the Separation of Actinium-225 from Radioactive Thorium, Radium-223 and Other Metals

Optimization of Cation Exchange for the Separation of Actinium-225 from Radioactive Thorium, Radium-223 and Other Metals

Resonant Laser Ionization and Mass Separation of 225Ac

Resonant laser ionization and mass separation of 225Ac

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