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Advanced exotic beam facilities that are currently being developed will use powerful driver accelerator for the production of short-lived rare isotopes. Multi-beam-drivers capable of producing high power beams from very light to very heavy ions are now technically feasible. A challenge for such facilities is the development of production targets to be used for a variety of reaction mechanisms with beam powers of about 100 kilowatts. This paper presents engineering concepts that have been developed recently for using liquid lithium coolant for two types of targets, one for use with light-ion beams on high atomic number (Z) targets and the other for heavy-ion beams on low-Z targets.[PACS classification 29.25 .RIIL Sources of radioactive nuclei; 29.25 .-L Particle sources and targets.

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This report has as an objective to assess the activation problem of the thorium target irradiation experiment at FNAL. The results presented are not activation calculation per se, but they provide guidelines to assess any possible impact on the beam stop surroundings due to the irradiation of the target with the low pulse rate 8 GeV proton beam. The average beam intensity is assumed to be 1.32 x10 11 protons per second and a full week of irradiation is assumed.