Production of activated carbon from rubber wood sawdust

Srinivasakannan, C.; Bakar, Mohamad Zailani Abu

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2003.11.002

Cited by 188 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Cattail samples (20 g/sample) inside the flask were soaked and shaken with the prepared H 3 PO 4 solution in water bath shaker for 3 days with 70 rpm at 80°C. The reason to soak and shake the sample is to ensure that the reagent absorbs into the raw material [12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from Typha orientalis leaves

et al. 2014

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Background In this study, activated carbon (AC) was prepared from Typha orientalis or commonly known as cattail leaves using physical and chemical activation phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), as dehydrating agent. A twostage process was used, i.e., semi-carbonization stage at 200°C for 15 min as first stage followed by second stage activation, at 500°C for 45 min. The precursor material with the impregnated agent was exposed straight away to semi-carbonization and activation temperature using a laboratory scale muffle furnace (Carbolite RHF 1500, England) under static condition in a self-generated atmosphere.Results The best condition in AC production was based on chemical activation which is AC2 with 2 M of H 3 PO 4 . AC2 has the highest removal efficiency, 97.4 % in 4 ppm concentration of Pb(II) and percentage yield of 62.73 % could be reached. The pH of the AC was controlled in the range 5-6. From Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, functional groups such as hydroxyl group, lactone group, and carboxyl group were obtained. These were clearly illustrated by scanning electron microscopy micrographs that porous structure was progressively developed with sponge-like structure. Conclusions The Pb(II) adsorption results were best fitted in the Langmuir isotherm for equilibrium data while the adsorption kinetic fitted to the pseudo-second order model. The maximum Brunauer, Emmett and Teller surface area of the best produced AC was found to be around 1,238 m 2 / g. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 7.95 mg/g.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from Typha orientalis leaves

et al. 2014

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“…Phosphoric acid is preferred as compared to zinc chloride due to its non-polluting nature and is being widely used in pharmaceutical and food industries. In addition, phosphoric acid can be easily recovered by simply washing with water and can be reused in the process rendering it economically viable (Diao et al 2002;Rodríguez-Reinoso et al 1995;Srinivasakannan et al 2004;Teng et al 1998). Phosphoric acid imparts cationexchange capacity, making it chemically stable both in acidic and base media in addition to its thermal stability (Puziy et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of porous carbon from date palm seeds and process optimization

Reddy

Shoaibi

Srinivasakannan

2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The agricultural wastes like date palm seeds to be a suitable precursor for the preparation of porous carbon has been explored in the present work, utilizing phosphoric acid as the activating agent. The experimental methods reported in literature were chosen with certain modification in order to simplify the process. The process optimization was performed using the popular response surface methodology adopting a Box-Behnken design. Process optimization was performed to maximize the porous carbon Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and the methylene blue (MB) adsorption capacity, with the process variables being the activation temperature, impregnation ratio (IR) and the activation time. The textural characteristics were assessed based on nitrogen adsorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, while the adsorption capacity was estimated using the MB adsorption. The optimized experimental conditions were identified to be an activation temperature of 500°C, IR of 3.1 and activation time of 71.4 min, with the resultant porous carbon having BET surface area of 846.7 m 2 /g and MB adsorption capacity of 445.7 mg/g. The popular Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were tested, and a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of the MB was estimated to be 345 mg/g, which compares with the highest of MB reported in literature, evidencing the suitability of the porous carbon for adsorption of macro-molecular compounds.

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“…The liquid/solid mixture was stirred continuously at ambient temperature for 2 h and left to soak for 12 h to allow penetration of the H 3 PO 4 into the leaf powder of Mimusops elengi [11]. After the stipulated soaking time, the slurry was oven dried at 110°C for 24 h. The activation temperature and time for this work was fixed at the lowest possible value [12,13]. The samples were cooled and washed with cold deionized water until phosphate ions were no longer detected by the lead nitrate test.…”

Section: Preparation Of Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics and isotherm studies on the adsorption of hexavalent chromium onto phosphoric acid activated Mimusops elengi leaves carbon

Nandhakumar¹,

A²,

Chandramohan³

et al. 2017

Int. J. Curr. Res. Chem. Pharm. Sci

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Hexavalent chromium [(Cr (VI))] ion is toxic and therefore, its removal from wastewater is extremely important. This study re ports on the adsorption of Hexavalent Chromium from aqueous solutions using activated carbon prepared from leaves of Mimusops elengi by phosphoric acid activation. Adsorption experiments were carried out in a batch process with various experimental parameters such as effect of contact time, initial chromium ion concentration, carbon dosage and pH. Kinetics of the system was studied with linearised forms of Lagergren, Ho and Webber Morris models. Equilibrium data were fitted with Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Raduskevich isotherms.

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Production of activated carbon from rubber wood sawdust

Cited by 188 publications

References 17 publications

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from Typha orientalis leaves

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from Typha orientalis leaves

Preparation of porous carbon from date palm seeds and process optimization

Kinetics and isotherm studies on the adsorption of hexavalent chromium onto phosphoric acid activated Mimusops elengi leaves carbon

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