Production of activated carbons from biodegradable waste materials as an alternative way of their utilisation

Nowicki, Piotr; Kazmierczak-Razna, Justyna; Skibiszewska, Paulina; Wiśniewska, Małgorzata; Nosal‐Wiercińska, Agnieszka; Pietrzak, Robert

doi:10.1007/s10450-015-9719-z

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Currently, the main way to get rid of wastes is their disposal on the landfills. However, their storage can cause serious environmental problems such as water and soil pollution (Nowicki et al 2016;Kostecka et al 2014). Therefore solutions that could lead to reduction in the amount of wastes or their reuse are searched for.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of activated carbons obtained from the waste materials impregnated with phosphoric acid(V)

et al. 2020

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In the paper spent coffee grounds were used as a precursor to obtain activated carbons. The raw material was impregnated with phosphoric acid(V) at the different impregnations ratios: 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2. Carbonization was carried out according to two procedures differing in activation atmosphere (N 2 or CO 2). The obtained activated carbons were characterized on the basis of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption, thermal analysis, potentiometric titration method, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Carbons obtained according to procedure 2 (activation in CO 2) were characterized by better developed porosity, e.g. surface (S BET to 720.9 m 2 /g) and pore volume (V p to 0.334 cm 3 /g). All obtained carbons had surface acidic (mainly carboxyl) groups and exhibited the amorphous structure. The thermal analysis showed that the obtained materials were thermally stable up to the temperature ~ 420 °C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of activated carbons obtained from the waste materials impregnated with phosphoric acid(V)

et al. 2020

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“…Physical and chemical methods have been adopted for the conversion of these biomass wastes to activated carbons [12]. Physical activation involves the pyrolysis of the carbonaceous precursor at high temperatures followed by activation of the char in the presence of an oxidizing gas (CO 2 or water steam) [13,14]. In chemical activation, the raw material is firstly impregnated with strong activating agents such as ZnCl 2 , H 2 SO 4 , NaOH, K 2 CO 3 , H 3 PO 4 , KOH, among others, followed by thermal activation at temperatures ranging from 400 to 600 • C [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of p-nitrophenol adsorption capacity through N2-thermal-based treatment of activated carbons

Álvarez-Torrellas

Martin-Martinez

Gomes

et al. 2017

Applied Surface Science

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In this work several activated carbons showing different textural and chemical properties were obtained by chemical and physical activation methods, using a lignocellulosic material (peach stones) as precursor. The activated carbon resulting from the chemical activation, namely as CAC, revealed the best textural properties (S BET = 1521 m 2 g −1 , pore volume = 0.90 cm 3 g −1) and an acidic character. It was found that the activated carbon obtained at 300 • C (under air atmosphere, PAC air), and those synthesized at 750 • C in presence of N 2 flow with bubbling of water/12 M H 3 PO 4 solution (PAC N 2 (H 2 O)/PAC N 2 (H 3 PO 4)), respectively, revealed worse textural properties, compared to CAC. Two functionalization treatments, by using sulphuric acid at boiling temperature (PACS) and nitric acid-urea-N 2 heating at 800 • C (PAC-NUT), were applied to PAC air, in order to enhance the adsorption ability of the carbon material. Several techniques were carried out to characterize the physical and chemical properties of the obtained carbon materials. The modification treatments had influence on the carbon surface properties, since the nitric acidurea-N 2 heating treatment led to a carbon material with highly-improved properties (S BET = 679 m 2 g −1 , pH IEP = 5.3). Accordingly, the original and modified-carbon materials were tested as adsorbents to remove 4nitrophenol (4-NP), assessing batch and fixed-bed column adsorption tests. PAC-NUT carbon offered the best adsorption behavior (q e = 234 mg g −1), showing a high ability for the removal of 4-NP from water.

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“…The application of corn cob activated carbon in the removal of some wastewater pollutants have been investigated and reported by some researchers, mercury [41], uranium [8], chromium [Cr(III) and Cr(VI)] [42], nitrogen dioxide and hydrogen sulphide [43], and arsenic [44]. No report is available in the open literature on the use of corn cob activated carbon for the decontamination of phenol contaminated effluent in a dynamic adsorption system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: Packed Bed Column Adsorption of Phenol Onto Corn Cob Activated Carbon: Linear and Nonlinear Kinetics Modeling

Chiedozie

Iheanacho

Nwabanne

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In the present study, linear and nonlinear regression analysis for packed bed column adsorption of phenol onto corn cob activated carbon was investigated. The activation of the corn cob provided the activated carbon with enhanced surface area and micropore volume of 903.7m2/g and 0.389 cm3/g respectively. The analysis of the physical properties of the corn cob activated carbon (CCAC) revealed that it contained 33.47% of fixed carbon. SEM images indicated the presence of interspatial pores within the matrix of the adsorbent, while the FTIR analysis revealed that the major functional groups in CCAC were alkanol, alkanes, alkyls, carboxylic acids, ethers, esters, and nitro compounds. The effect of the process parameters influencing the dynamic adsorption process was investigated at flow rates (9 – 18mg/min), initial phenol concentration (100-300mg/l), bed height (5 – 10cm), and particle size (300-800µm). Breakthrough time and adsorption capacity increased with an increase in bed height but decreased with an increase in flow rate, initial phenol concentration, and particle size. At 9mg/min flow rate, 100mg/l initial phenol concentration, 10 cm bed height, and 300µm, the breakthrough and saturation points adsorption capacities were 2.143 and 8.570 mg/g respectively, the volume of effluent treated at saturation point was 12.96L, the length of mass transfer zone (MTZ) was 7.50cm, while 66.13% phenol removal efficiency was achieved. The linear and nonlinear regression analysis of the dynamic column adsorption models viz. Thomas, Adam Bohart, and Wolborska fitted better with the experimental data as compared to Yoon–Nelson. Generally, the nonlinear regression analysis proved to be a better tool for dynamic adsorption model analysis because the model parameters it predicted are in higher proximity to the experimental data when compared to those obtained via linear regression analysis. Conclusively, this study has shown that CCAC can successfully be used for the removal of phenol from aqueous solutions. It also provided experimental evidence that for a more accurate analysis of dynamic adsorption models nonlinear regression tool should be considered.

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Production of activated carbons from biodegradable waste materials as an alternative way of their utilisation

Cited by 35 publications

References 48 publications

Preparation and characterization of activated carbons obtained from the waste materials impregnated with phosphoric acid(V)

Preparation and characterization of activated carbons obtained from the waste materials impregnated with phosphoric acid(V)

Enhancement of p-nitrophenol adsorption capacity through N2-thermal-based treatment of activated carbons

WITHDRAWN: Packed Bed Column Adsorption of Phenol Onto Corn Cob Activated Carbon: Linear and Nonlinear Kinetics Modeling

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