Production of biocement using steel slag

Yu, Xiaoniu; Chu, Jian; Wu, Shifan; Wang, Kangda

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131365

Cited by 19 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Steel slag is a prominent by-product generated during the smelting process in the iron and steel industry, constituting approximately 8-15% of the total crude steel production [1][2][3]. In 2021, global crude steel production reached around 1.952 billion tons, resulting in an annual emission of steel slag exceeding 250 million tons [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Effect of Moisture on CO2 Diffusion and Particle Cementation in Carbonated Steel Slag

Lin,

Chen,

Xiang

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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The study of the mechanisms affecting the preparation parameters of carbonated steel slag is of great significance for the development of carbon sequestration materials. In order to elucidate the mechanism of the influence of moisture on CO2 diffusion and particle cementation in steel slag, the effects of different water–solid ratios and water contents on the mechanical properties, carbonation products, and pore structure of steel slag after carbonation were investigated. The results show that increasing the water–solid ratio of steel slag can control the larger initial porosity and improve the carbon sequestration capacity of steel slag, but it will reduce the mechanical properties. The carbonation process relies on pores for CO2 diffusion and also requires a certain level of moisture for Ca2+ dissolution and diffusion. Increasing the water content enhances particle cementation and carbonation capacity in steel slag specimens; however, excessive water hinders CO2 diffusion. Reducing the water content can increase the carbonation depth but may compromise gelling and carbon sequestration ability. Therefore, achieving a balance is crucial in controlling the water content. The compressive strength of the steel slag with suitable moisture and initial porosity can reach 118.7 MPa, and 217.2 kg CO2 eq./t steel slag can be sequestered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Effect of Moisture on CO2 Diffusion and Particle Cementation in Carbonated Steel Slag

Lin,

Chen,

Xiang

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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“…Over the past two decades, there has been a substantial increase in the utilization of steel slag. Steel slag is mainly consumed worldwide in road construction, cement manufacturing, soil stabilization, hydraulic works, generating bio-cement, and engineering applications, as well as being stored on-site for disposal [7][8][9][10]. As of 2022, worldwide steel production was reported as 1.885 billion tons annually.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Natural Soils as a Remediation Method for Electric Arc Furnace and Ladle Slags

Korkmaz,

Dayioglu

2024

Sustainability

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Steel slags are solid residual materials formed as by-products throughout the process of steel production within the steelmaking industry. These wastes have good physical properties such as high stiffness and friction angle for use as road fill materials or in geotechnical applications. However, the presence of heavy metals and high alkalinity levels constitute significant environmental hazards and set limitations on using slags in engineering applications. While there have been investigations into the mechanical characteristics of steel slags, research on assessing potential harm when utilizing the materials in engineering applications is rare. This study examines the mitigation methods to address the environmental problems associated with steel slags. To do this, two different steel slags with different production techniques were treated with soils of different properties such as fine and coarse sand, bentonite, kaolin, and natural clay. The pH and electrical conductivity (EC) values of pure steel slags were determined using the water leach test (WLT). Variations in pH and EC values of steel slags subjected to treatment were evaluated through both WLT and sequential water leach (SWLT) tests. As a result, the high strength, stiffness, and drainage capability of EAF and LS steel slags make these materials suitable for road filling. This is further backed by their soaked and unsoaked CBR values. During the water leach tests, notable decreases in pH were observed with a 60% natural clay (NC) solution, resulting in a decrease of 1.2 and 0.7 in EAF and LS, respectively. The addition of sand had a negligible impact on pH due to its inert characteristics. Moreover, in sequential water leach tests, the most significant decrease in pH was observed with NC (with a reduction of 2.0 points for EAF and 0.9 points for LS) through enhanced ion exchange and extended periods of dilution and buffering. Also, the use of NC resulted in substantial decreases in EC for EAF and LS, with reductions of 77% and 81%, respectively. Moreover, heavy metal concentrations in leachate waters from pure steel slags have been detected, and the effect of treatment on aluminum and iron concentrations has been determined. The results indicate that the use of natural soil significantly drops the pH and lowers the trace metal concentrations within the leachate.

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Erosion mitigation with biocementation: a review on applications, challenges, & future perspectives

Dubey,

Dhami,

Ravi

et al. 2023

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

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Soil erosion is a complex natural process that occurs by either individual or combined actions of wind, hydraulic currents, waves, and rain. This study comprehensively reviews biocementation-based soil stabilisation techniques for developing erosion-resilient landforms through an ecologically conscious strategy. The different pathways for biocementation occurring in nature are discussed with a focused view on the microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technique. MICP relies on biogenic calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation via the urea hydrolysis route to bind the soil grains. The kinetics and factors affecting MICP are succinctly discussed to highlight the practical challenges associated with biocementation. This study emphasises the influence of MICP on erosion resistance (aeolian and hydraulic) and geotechnical properties of soils. The critical assessment of the previous studies revealed that aeolian and hydraulic erosion can be effectively controlled with a small to moderate quantity of biogenic CaCO3 (2% to 10% of soil weight). MICP marginally influences the hydraulic conductivity of soils with a substantial improvement in compressive strength, making it desirous over traditional soil cementation agents for erosion control due to the limited intervention to natural groundwater flow. However, the scientific design and findings of the previous laboratory-scale and pilot-scale research are still inconsistent for standardising biocementation techniques to transition towards upscaling. This study presents critical insights to the researchers of the environmental, geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering domains to design their upcoming studies to tackle the challenges required for upscaling biocementation technology.

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Production of biocement using steel slag

Cited by 19 publications

References 53 publications

Exploring the Effect of Moisture on CO2 Diffusion and Particle Cementation in Carbonated Steel Slag

Exploring the Effect of Moisture on CO2 Diffusion and Particle Cementation in Carbonated Steel Slag

Utilization of Natural Soils as a Remediation Method for Electric Arc Furnace and Ladle Slags

Erosion mitigation with biocementation: a review on applications, challenges, & future perspectives

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