Production of biodiesel: A technical review

Shahid, Ejaz M.; Jamal, Younis

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.079

Cited by 394 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…The methods to achieve such conversion include pyrolysis, micro-emulsion and trans-esterification (Knothe et al, 2005). Among them, trans-esterification was found to be the best route with minimal engine complication (Knothe et al, 2005;Gupta et al, 2007;Shahid and Jamal, 2011). Biodiesel is found to be the best substitute for petro-diesel, not only because of its comparable calorific value but also for its several other advantages such as: low toxic emissions, biodegradability, high flash point, excellent lubricity and environmental compatibility (Balat and Balat, 2010;Knothe et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and characterization of biodiesel using palm kernel oil; fresh and recovered from spent bleaching earth

Aladetuyi¹,

Olatunji²,

Ogunniyi³

et al. 2014

Biofuel Res. J.

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Please cite this article as: Aladetuyi A., Olatunji G.A., Ogunniyi D.S., Odetoye T.E. Production and characterization of biodiesel using palm kernel oil, fresh and recovered from spent bleaching earth. Palm kernel oil (PKO) was recovered from spent bleaching earth with a yield of 16 %, using n-hexane while the fresh oil was extracted from palm kernel with n-hexane and a yield of 40.23% was obtained. These oils were trans-esterified with methanol under the same reaction conditions: 100 o C, 2 h reaction time, and oil-methanol ratio of 5:1 (w/v). The cocoa pod ash (CPA) was compared with potassium hydroxide (KOH) as catalyst. The percentage yields of biodiesel obtained from PKO catalysed by CPA and KOH were 94 and 90%, respectively. While the yields achieved using the recovered oil catalysed by CPA and KOH were measured at 86 and 81.20 %. The physico-chemical properties of the biodiesel produced showed that the flash point, viscosity, density, ash content, percentage carbon content, specific gravity and the acid value fell within American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) specifications for biodiesel. The findings of this study suggest that agricultural residues such as CPA used in this study could be explored as alternatives for KOH catalyst for biodiesel production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and characterization of biodiesel using palm kernel oil; fresh and recovered from spent bleaching earth

Aladetuyi¹,

Olatunji²,

Ogunniyi³

et al. 2014

Biofuel Res. J.

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“…Transesterification is considered as one of the best methods among various approaches due to its low cost and simplicity. Using this method high purity and better yield of biodiesel was achieved in a short time [20]. The extracted oil is heated to a temperature of 60 °C.…”

Section: Test Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralised green power generation using methyl esters of non-edible oils

2017

Teh. vjesn.

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Original scientific paper Research work on renewable energy systems for rural electrification have been quite intensive in recent years. In remote areas, some villages are still not reach of electricity because providing grid connection is impossible. Approximately twenty percent of global population are living without electricity in the world. For enhancement of rural livelihood, use of green energy sources encompasses greater employment opportunity, energy security and minimizes the greenhouse effects. The conventional method of local generation uses diesel generator that is not environment friendly. Bio-fuels have been the optimistic choice to meet this requirement. Biodiesel is a renewable source which has nearly the same efficiency as conventional petro-diesel. This paper experimentally investigates biodiesel blends (Diesel+Biodiesel) derived from non-edible oils as an alternative energy source for operating the diesel power generator. In this study, seven methyl esters extracted from non-edible oils of pongamia, jatroba, mahua, mesuaferra, linseed, neem and cotton seed are considered. The generator performances such as voltage regulation, frequency, fuel consumption, efficiency and emission characteristics are found in various load conditions. Based on the observations, pongamia oil was found to be a good alternative fuel for power generation. Keywords: bio-diesel; distributed generation; efficiency; emission; frequency; fuel consumption; green energy; voltage regulation Decentralizirana proizvodnja zelene energije pomoću metil estera nejestivih uljaIzvorni znanstveni rad Istraživački radovi o sustavima obnovljivih izvora energije za elektrifikaciju sela vrlo su intenzivni posljednjih godina. U udaljenim područjima neka su sela još uvijek izvan dosega električne energije jer je nemoguće povezivanje mrežnog sustava. U svijetu oko dvadeset posto svjetske populacije živi bez struje. Za poboljšanje ruralnog življenja, uporaba zelenih izvora energije obuhvaća veću mogućnost zapošljavanja, energetsku sigurnost i smanjenje učinaka staklenika. Konvencionalna metoda lokalne proizvodnje koristi dizel generator koji nije prihvatljiv za okoliš. Biogoriva su optimistični izbor za ispunjavanje ovog zahtjeva. Biodizel je obnovljivi izvor koji ima gotovo jednaku učinkovitost kao i konvencionalni petrodizel. Ovaj rad pokusno istražuje mješavine biodizela (dizel + biodizel) dobivene od nejestivih ulja kao alternativni izvor energije za pogon dizelskog generatora. U ovoj studiji se uzima u obzir sedam metilnih estera ekstrahiranih iz nejestivih ulja pongamije (indijske breze), jatrobe (jatrophe), mahuae, mesua ferrae (nageškara), sjemenki lana, neema (nim drveta) i sjemenki pamuka. Performanse generatora kao što su regulacija napona, frekvencija, potrošnja goriva, učinkovitost i emisijske značajke nalaze se u različitim uvjetima opterećenja. Na temelju opažanja, nađeno je da je ulje pongamije dobro alternativno gorivo za proizvodnju električne energije.

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“…One of the routes for the use of vegetable oil and fats is the transesterification that leads to monoalkyl esters known as biodiesel (Shahid & Jamal, 2011). Several studies have shown that biodiesel can displace diesel oil without the need for any modifications in CI engines, both for transportation or stationary applications (Agarwal , 2007;Dwivedi et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetable Oils of Soybean, Sunflower and Tung as Alternative Fuels for Compression Ignition Engines

Hartmann¹,

Garzon²,

Hartmann³

et al. 2013

Int. J. Thermo

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This work assess the technical viability of the use of straight vegetable oils as fuel for a compression ignition engine applied to distributed electric generation. The use of neat soybean, sunflower, and tung oils, three vegetable oils with potential for application in southern Brazil, was assessed. For this purpose, an electronically controlled conversion kit that preheats the fuel to a proper temperature was developed and adapted to a single-cylinder, naturally aspired, mechanically injected and controlled, compression ignition engine. The engine performance in a steady-state dynamometric cell, in terms of power, torque, specific fuel consumption, and emissions, using vegetable oils, was measured and compared to the performance for neat diesel oil. The neat diesel oil resulted in the highest brake power and the neat tung oil resulted in the lowest, with the relative difference among all fuels varying between 5 % and 20 %. However, the first law efficiency was highest for some of the blends tested, reaching 38 %, and increased for lower speed. The NO x and CO emissions both increased as the engine speed decreased, revealing the lack of complete combustion especially in the higher speed regime.

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Production of biodiesel: A technical review

Cited by 394 publications

References 132 publications

Production and characterization of biodiesel using palm kernel oil; fresh and recovered from spent bleaching earth

Production and characterization of biodiesel using palm kernel oil; fresh and recovered from spent bleaching earth

Decentralised green power generation using methyl esters of non-edible oils

Vegetable Oils of Soybean, Sunflower and Tung as Alternative Fuels for Compression Ignition Engines

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